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Biochemistry > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Why 6th carbon of glucose is phosphorylated

A

It is exposed to outside of the ring

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2
Q

High energy bond in atp

A

Phosphodiester

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3
Q

Which phosphate group is donated to glucose in 1st step of glycolysis

A

Gamma phosphate

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4
Q

Which molecules in glycolysis act as phosphate group donar (higher energy compound than ATP)

A

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate

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5
Q

Enzyme involved in substare level phosphorylation

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase
Pyruvate kinase

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6
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic

A

No

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7
Q

Where does nadh do from glycolysis

A

Etc

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8
Q

Enzyme in glycolysis inhibited by feedback mechanism

A

Hexokinase

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9
Q

Enzyme inhibited by atp

A

Phosphofructokinase

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10
Q

Enzyme inhibited by iodoacetate

A

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

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11
Q

Enzyme inhibited by floride

A

Enolase

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12
Q

Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by

A

Acetyl co a
Alanine
Calcium

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13
Q

Aldolase is inhibited by

A

Aldolase

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14
Q

Regulatory and irreversible enzyme of glycolysis

A

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

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15
Q

Glucose and galactose are epimer at

A

C4

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16
Q

Inhibitor of glycolysis

A

Atp and nadh

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17
Q

Will adp and nad+ promote or inhibit glycolysis

A

Promote

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18
Q

Will is more efficient hexokinase or glucokinase

A

Hexokinase bc low km and high Vmax

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19
Q

Phosphofructokinase inhibitor

A

Atp
Citrate (from tca)

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20
Q

Pyruvate kinase regulation by phosphorylation

A

Ph- inactive
No ph- active

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21
Q

Glut 1-5 and thier location

A

1- all tissue
2- liver and pancreas
3- all
4- muscle and fat cell
5- small intestine

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22
Q

Diff steps in gluconeogenesis

A

Glu 6 phosphatase
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
Pep carboxykinase (gtp used)
Pyruvate carboxylase

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23
Q

Cori cycle

A

Glu lactate cycle

Py+O2 in muscle= lactate
Liver
Lactate
Pyruvate
Glucose

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24
Q

Glucose alanine cycle

A

Muscle
Glu
Pyruvate
Add nh3
Alanine

Liver
Alanine
-urea
Py
Glu

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25
Q

Does tca require oxygen

A

Yes

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26
Q

Product of tca in terms of energy

A

3 nadh
1 fadh2
1 gtp
2 co2

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27
Q

What happens in tca to acetyl co a

A

Acetyl co a gets oxidized to co2

28
Q

Where does tca takes place

A

Eukaryotic - mito matrix
Pro cytoplasm

29
Q

Rate limiting step of tca

A

Citrate synthase

30
Q

2 co2 are released from

A

Both co2 are released from Oxaloaceticacid

31
Q

Pyruvate to acetyl co A is

A

Decarboxylation

32
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex- subunits and coenzymes

A

E1- pyruvate dehydrogenase -TPP- release co2
E2-dihydrolipoyltransacetylase- lipoic acid, coenzyme A- acetyl CoA production
E3-dihydrolipol dehydrogenase - NAD, FAD- oxidation of NAD

33
Q

Vitamins

A

B1- TPP Thymine pyrophosphate
Decarboxylation, aldehyde group transfer

B2- FAD
Redox reaction

B3- NAD
Redox reaction

B5 coenzyme A
Acyl group transfer

B6 pyrodoxin- pyrodoxal ph
Amino group transfer

Biotin
Biocytin
Carboxylation

Folic acid
Tetrahydrofolic acid
1 carbon group transfer

34
Q

Acetyl consist of

A

Acetyl group
Beta mercapthoethalamine
Panthothenic
3’-5’ ADP

35
Q

In tca which enzyme is responsible for removal of co2

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

36
Q

Tca irreversible steps

A

3 steps

37
Q

In which steps nadh acts as inhibitor in tca

A

Citrate synthase
Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Malaye dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase

38
Q

Atp act as inhibitor for

A

Citrate synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

39
Q

If high conc of metabolites in tca it will promote or inhibit reaction

A

Inhibit

40
Q

Regulating enzymes of tca

A

Citrate symthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

41
Q

How ca2+ influence tca cycle

A

Promote
Py dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

42
Q

Potassium cyanide blocks which process

A

Complex 4 in which O2 receive electron

43
Q

High acetyl coa how will tca be affected

A

Promote tca

44
Q

Catabolic and anabolic role of tca

A

Catabolic- oxidation of acetyl coa
Anabolic
Alpha ketoglutarate precursor for
Glutamine
Proline
Arginine
Purine

Succinyl co A
Prophyrin and heme

Oxaloaceticacid
Aspartate
Aspargine
Pyrimidine

Form phospho enol pyruvate

Serine gly
Cys
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan

Glucose

45
Q

Nadh donate its complex to

A

Complex 1

46
Q

Fadh donate its electron to which complex

A

Complex 2

47
Q

What carries electron from complex 1&2

A

Q- ubiquinone

48
Q

How much electron Q carries and cyt c carries

A

2 and 1e

49
Q

Which protein carries electron from complex 3 to 3

A

Cytochrome c

50
Q

Name of all complexes in etc

A

1-NADH-Q REDUCTACE
2 SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE
3 CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE
4 CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE

51
Q

How much proton each complex pumps

A

1-4
2-0
3-4
4-2

52
Q

How much proton transported from NADH AND FADH

A

Nadh- 10H+
Fadh- 6H+

53
Q

Atp synthase can be blocked by which antibiotic

A

Oligomycin

54
Q

Electron in etc moves from which reduction potential (E)
DeltaG (energy)

A

Lower reduction potential to higher electron potential
High energy to low energy

55
Q

Which complex is not transmembrane

A

Complex 2

56
Q

ROLE OF DNP- DINITROPHENOL IN ETC

A

Dnp- uncoupler
It was used as anti obesity drug
Etc will occur but to atp production
Makes lipid soluable and transport H+

57
Q

P:O ratio formula

A

Mol of atp syn/mol of oxygen reduced

4H+ req for 1 ATP syn

Nadh= 10/4=2.5
Fadh2= 6/4= 1.5

58
Q

Chemical osmotic theory was given by

A

Peter mitchel

59
Q

Binding change mechanism was given by

A

Paul boyer
Rotation of atp synthase

60
Q

In 1 cycle of beta oxidation how many carbons are released

A

2 carbon in form of acetyl coA

61
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for O2 to h2o2

A

Superoxide di mutase

62
Q

Enzyme involved in detoxification

A

Oxidase

63
Q

Which amino acid can act as buffer

A

Histidine

64
Q

Which is the only amino acid that can act as polar as well as non polar

A

Tyrosine

65
Q

Cyclic structure in chlorophyll vit A and K is

A

Isoprene

66
Q

Relationship between at gc and density of dna

A

Gc high density
At low density

Biochemistry (3 decks)

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