Metabolism

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

Breaking down molecules

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

Forming molecules

Question 3

Respiration Equation

Answer 3

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 4

Reduction

Answer 4

Gain of Electrons (RIG)
Looses Oxygen

Question 5

Oxidation

Answer 5

Loose Electrons (OIL)
Gains Oxygen

Question 6

Where does ATP come from

Answer 6

Through respiration, ATP is formed and gives 36 ATP

Question 7

How does the body form ATP

Answer 7

1. Glycolysis
2. Aerobic Respiration
   - Link Reaction
   - Kreb Cycle
   - Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 8

Glycolysis

Answer 8

1. Glucose gets broken down in the cell
2. 6 Carbons get broken down further into fructose -1, 6 phosphate
   - 2 ATP aids this process and ATP turns into ADP as it loses one phosphate
3. This further gets broken down into 2 G3P
4. Final products produced are 4ATP, 2 Pyruvate and reduced coenzyme 2NADH

Question 9

Link Reaction

Answer 9

1. 2 pyruvate is getting converted into acetyl CoA and NAD+ is converted to NADH
2. Co2 is a waste product

Question 10

Kreb Cycle

Answer 10

1. Oxaloacetate (4-carbon compound) and Acetyl CoA (2-carbon compound) turn into Citrate (6-carbon compound)
2. Citrate gets oxidized to form a 5-carbon compound and Co2 is released
   - NAD+ receives hydrogen and turns to NADH from donated electron
3. Broken down further into 4C compound and again Co2 is produced and so is NADH
4. 2 FADH formed, 2 ADP -> 2 ATP, 2 NADH Formed

Question 11

cytochrome

Answer 11

carrier protein + haem

Question 12

is Coenzyme Q a protein

Answer 12

not protein

Question 13

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 13

1. Happens in the cristae of mitochondria
2. cytochrome passes down NADH down the electron transport chain
3. FADH2 enters the electron transport chain via Coenzyme q
4. Both go down until it reaches the final cytochrome
5. O2 final electron acceptor and takes H+ ions from NADH and FADH2
6. Forms water and H+ flood intermembrane space
7. 1 NADH = 3 ATP. 1FADH2 = 2 ATP formed as going down the chain results in energy being transferred out of NADH and FADH2 to the ADP to form ATP

Question 14

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 14

6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6

Question 15

3 photosystems

Answer 15

chlorophyll
accessory pigments
protein matrix

Question 16

Photosynthesis

Answer 16

1. Light Dependent
   - Photosystem 2
   - Photosystem 1
2. Light Independent

Question 17

3 Electron Carriers

Answer 17

Plastoquinone
Cytochrome
complex

Question 18

Light Dependent (photosystem 2)

Answer 18

1. Happens in the thylakoid as it has pigments which absorb light at different wavelengths
2. Photolysis happens breaks down water
3. photons give energy to electrons which get excited and jump up to electron acceptors
4. And go through an electron transport chain by the electron carrier (plastoquinone)
5. As the electron transport chain goes down, NADH is broken down to H+. And ATP is synthesized
6. Move to photosystem 1

Question 19

Light Dependent (photosystem 1)

Answer 19

1. Electrons get excited again from light
2. Allows them to go to the electron carrier. Pherodoxin
3. NADP reductase will remove electrons from pherodoxin and put into NADP+
4. Therefore NADPH and ATP are formed

Question 20

Independent

Answer 20

Rubp + rubisco catalysis
6c unstable so turns to glycerate 3 phosphate + NADPH into NADP and ATP
1/6 is used to produce carbohydrate
5/6 is used to regenerate

Question 21

Light dependent

Answer 21

Carbon fixation (Rubp catalysis by rubisco)
Turns to 6c unstable so becomes glycerae 3 phosphate
NADPH turns to NADP + ATP
Turns to 1/6 carbohydrate
5/6 is regenerated