Metabolism Flashcards
Catabolism
Breaking down molecules
Anabolism
Forming molecules
Respiration Equation
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Reduction
Gain of Electrons (RIG)
Looses Oxygen
Oxidation
Loose Electrons (OIL)
Gains Oxygen
Where does ATP come from
Through respiration, ATP is formed and gives 36 ATP
How does the body form ATP
- Glycolysis
- Aerobic Respiration
- Link Reaction
- Kreb Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
Glycolysis
- Glucose gets broken down in the cell
- 6 Carbons get broken down further into fructose -1, 6 phosphate
- 2 ATP aids this process and ATP turns into ADP as it loses one phosphate - This further gets broken down into 2 G3P
- Final products produced are 4ATP, 2 Pyruvate and reduced coenzyme 2NADH
Link Reaction
- 2 pyruvate is getting converted into acetyl CoA and NAD+ is converted to NADH
- Co2 is a waste product
Kreb Cycle
- Oxaloacetate (4-carbon compound) and Acetyl CoA (2-carbon compound) turn into Citrate (6-carbon compound)
- Citrate gets oxidized to form a 5-carbon compound and Co2 is released
- NAD+ receives hydrogen and turns to NADH from donated electron - Broken down further into 4C compound and again Co2 is produced and so is NADH
- 2 FADH formed, 2 ADP -> 2 ATP, 2 NADH Formed
cytochrome
carrier protein + haem
is Coenzyme Q a protein
not protein
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Happens in the cristae of mitochondria
- cytochrome passes down NADH down the electron transport chain
- FADH2 enters the electron transport chain via Coenzyme q
- Both go down until it reaches the final cytochrome
- O2 final electron acceptor and takes H+ ions from NADH and FADH2
- Forms water and H+ flood intermembrane space
- 1 NADH = 3 ATP. 1FADH2 = 2 ATP formed as going down the chain results in energy being transferred out of NADH and FADH2 to the ADP to form ATP
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
3 photosystems
chlorophyll
accessory pigments
protein matrix
Photosynthesis
- Light Dependent
- Photosystem 2
- Photosystem 1 - Light Independent
3 Electron Carriers
Plastoquinone
Cytochrome
complex
Light Dependent (photosystem 2)
- Happens in the thylakoid as it has pigments which absorb light at different wavelengths
- Photolysis happens breaks down water
- photons give energy to electrons which get excited and jump up to electron acceptors
- And go through an electron transport chain by the electron carrier (plastoquinone)
- As the electron transport chain goes down, NADH is broken down to H+. And ATP is synthesized
- Move to photosystem 1
Light Dependent (photosystem 1)
- Electrons get excited again from light
- Allows them to go to the electron carrier. Pherodoxin
- NADP reductase will remove electrons from pherodoxin and put into NADP+
- Therefore NADPH and ATP are formed
Independent
Rubp + rubisco catalysis
6c unstable so turns to glycerate 3 phosphate + NADPH into NADP and ATP
1/6 is used to produce carbohydrate
5/6 is used to regenerate
Light dependent
Carbon fixation (Rubp catalysis by rubisco)
Turns to 6c unstable so becomes glycerae 3 phosphate
NADPH turns to NADP + ATP
Turns to 1/6 carbohydrate
5/6 is regenerated
