Metabolism 1

Question 1

What is energy needed for?

Answer 1

Biosynthetic work e.g. synthesis of cellular components
Transport work e.g. movement of ions/nutrients
Mechanical work e.g. muscles
Electrical work e.g. nervous system
Osmotic work e.g kidney

Question 2

What is the definition of 1 Kcal?

Answer 2

The amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1kg of water by 1 degree celcius

Question 3

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 3

(CH2O)n

Question 4

How does fibre lower cholesterol?

Answer 4

It excretes more cholesterol, meaning the body has to use more stored cholesterol to make bile salts

Question 5

What is sucrose composed of?

Answer 5

A glucose-fructose disaccharide

Question 6

What is lactose comprised of?

Answer 6

A galactose and glucose disaccharide

Question 7

What is maltose comprised of?

Answer 7

A glucose-glucose disaccharide

Question 8

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

Answer 8

Isoleucine, lysine, threonine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and valine
IF LEARNED THIS HUGE LIST MIGHT PROVE TRULY VALUABLE

Question 9

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 9

ADEK

Question 10

What is fat?

Answer 10

A lipid that’s made up of triacylglycerols (3 fatty acids esterified to 1 glycerol)

Question 11

Name 2 essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesised by the body?

Answer 11

Linoleic and Linolenic acids

Question 12

For IV fluids what is the routine maintenance levels of electrolytes and water?

Answer 12

Sodium, potassium and chloride is 1mmol/kg/day
Water is 30ml/kg/day

Question 13

What 2 conditions is low fibre intake associated with?

Answer 13

Constipation and bowel cancer

Question 14

What is the EAR in terms of nutritional requirements?

Answer 14

Estimated average requirement - requirement for 50% of the group

Question 15

What is the RNI in terms of nutritional requirements?

Answer 15

The reference nutrient intake - this is enough to ensure the needs of 97.5% of the population are being met. Many of the group will need less.

Question 16

What is the LRNI in respect to nutrient requirement?

Answer 16

The lower reference nutrient intake - this enough for only 2.5% of the group to have their requirements met. The majority will need more.

Question 17

What comprises the daily energy expenditure calculation?

Answer 17

The basal metabolic rate, the energy required to process food (dietary induced thermogenesis) and the physical activity level

Question 18

What factors affect the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 18

Body surface area size, gender with males having higher than females, environmental temperature where it increases in cold, endocrine status (increases in hyperthyroidism) and body temp which gives a 12% increase per degree

Question 19

What is the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 19

The energy needed to maintain the resting energy of the body, to include the maintenance of cells, biochemical reactions, organ function and maintain body temperature

Question 20

What is the equation for calculating BMI?

Answer 20

Weight (kg) / Height^2 (m^2)

Question 21

What category of BMI is <18.5

Answer 21

Underweight

Question 22

What is the BMI range for a desirable weight?

Answer 22

18.5-24.9

Question 23

What is the BMI range 25-29.9 indicative of?

Answer 23

Being in the overweight category

Question 24

What is the BMI range for the obese category?

Answer 24

30-34.9

Question 25

A BMI of >35 places an individual in which category?

Answer 25

Severely Obese

Question 26

What is Kwashiorkor disease and what causes it?

Answer 26

It is a disease of malnutrition often seen in children, they are skinny children but with very oedematous abdomens. There is a low protein intake cause insufficient blood protein synthesis this decreases the plasma oncotic pressure and leads to oedema