Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

Define the metabolic syndrome.

Answer 1

A common condition that increases the risk of T2DM & CVD

Question 2

What are some risk factors of metabolic syndrome?

Answer 2

Weight dependent
Weight gain
Females (> males)
Mexican-American/Latinos
Native Americans
High carb diet
T2DM
CHD
Post-menopausal
Sedentary lifestyle
LSES
No alcohol
Smoking

Question 3

How do you diagnose the metabolic syndrome?

Answer 3

Any 3:
Central obesity
Fasting plasma glucose > 100
HTN
Hypertriglyceridemia
Low HDL

Question 4

A pt presents with abdominal obesity, T2DM, and HTN. What complications are you worried about?

Answer 4

High triglycerides, low HDL, and high BP
Obesity
Cognitive decline/dementia

Question 5

A pt presents with central obesity and a BP of 160/100. You start treating their HTN and order some labs, with the following results. What treatment do you recommend?
Fasting glucose = 150 mg/dL
Triglycerides = 165 mg/dL
HDL = 30 mg/dL

Answer 5

Obesity: D & E, pharmacotherapy, behavior modifications, bariatric surgery
T2DM: Pharmacotherapy, exercise, life style changes
LDL-C Lowering: Statins (1st line), Lifestyle changes
Triglyceride Lowering: Fibrates, nictonic acid, Omega-3
HDL-C Enhancing: Statins, fibrates, bile acids, nicotinic acid, ezetimibe & omega-3
Exercise, Smoking Cessation, Diet

Question 6

Describe the etiology of metabolic syndrome

Answer 6

insulin resistance

Post-prandial hyperinsulinemia –> fasting hyperinsulinemia –> hyperglycemia –> insulin resistance –> MS