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Biochemistry > Metabolic Processes Part 1 > Flashcards

Metabolic Processes Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rate limiting step in glycolysis

A

Step 3 catalyzed by PFK-1

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2
Q

Location of glycolysis

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Product of glycolysis

A

2 molecules of pyruvate from 1 molecule of glucose

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4
Q

ATP losses at which steps in glycolysis?

A

Step 1 catalyzed by hexokinase
Step 3 catalyzed phosphofructokinase

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5
Q

ATP gains at which steps in glycolysis?

A

Step 7 catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase
Step 10 catalyzed by pyruvate kinase

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6
Q

Total ATP yield in glycolysis (gross)

A

4 ATPs

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7
Q

Total ATP yield in glycolysis (net)

A

2 ATPs

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8
Q

NADH yield at which steps in glycolysis?

A

Step 6 catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

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9
Q

Total NADH yield in glycolysis

A

2 NADH

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10
Q

What are the irreversible steps in glycolysis?

A

Steps 1 catalyzed by hexokinase
Step 3 catalyzed by phosphofructokinase
Step 10 catalyzed by pyruvate kinase

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11
Q

What is glycolysis for?

A

For the breakdown of glucose

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12
Q

What are the substrates of glycolysis?

A

Glucose, 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate

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13
Q

What are the end products of glycolysis

A

2 molecules of pyruvate

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14
Q

3 fates of pyruvate

A

Acetyl COA
Lactate
Ethanol

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15
Q

In what condition would the Acetyl-COA pathway proceed?

A

Aerobic conditions in humans, animals, and microorganisms

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16
Q

In what condition would the lactate pathway proceed?

A

Anaerobic conditions in humans, animals, and some microorganisms

17
Q

In what condition would the ethanol pathway proceed?

A

Anaerobic conditions in some microorganisms

18
Q

Acetyl-COA pathway is also known as?

A

Pre-Krebs cycle

19
Q

Describe the first fate of pyruvate

A

Pyruvate + COA-SH + NAD+ -[Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex] -> Acetyl-COA + NADH + CO2

20
Q

Describe the second fate of pyruvate

A

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ -[Lactate dehydrogenase]-> Lactate + NAD+

21
Q

Describe the third fate of pyruvate

A

Pyruvate -[Pyruvate decarboxylase]-> Acetaldehyde -[Alcohol dehydrogenase; NADH to NAD+]-> Ethanol

22
Q

Location of the Pre-Krebs cycle

A

Mitochondrial matrix

23
Q

Enzymes involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A

Pyruvate decarboxylase
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

24
Q

Rate limiting step in Kreb’s cycle

A

Step 3 catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase

25
Q

Location of Kreb’s Cycle

A

Mitochondrial matrix

26
Q

Final products of Kreb’s Cycle

A

Step 3: NADH and CO2
Step 4: NADH and CO2
Step 5: GTP
Step 6: FADH2
Step 8: NADH

27
Q

Only step that produces NADH in glycolysis; only oxidative phosphorylation step

A

Step 6 catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase

28
Q

The only substrate-level phosphorylation step of Kreb’s cycle

A

Step 5 catalyzed by succinyl-COA synthetase

29
Q

What is Kreb’s cycle for?

A

The central hub/ common pathway; for energy/ ATP generation

30
Q

What are the substrates of Kreb’s cycle?

A

Acetyl-COA and succinyl-COA

31
Q

How much is the energy yield in Kreb’s cycle?

A

1 GTP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

32
Q

5 complexes in the ETC

A

Complex 1: NADH-CoQ reductase
Complex 2: Succinate-CoQ-reductase
Complex 3: CoQ/ ubiquinone cytochrome C reductase
Complex 4: Cytochrome C oxidase
Complex 5: ATP synthase

33
Q

How many ATP is yielded in the complete oxidation of glucose using the MA shuttle?

A

32

34
Q

How many ATP is yielded in the complete oxidation of glucose using the G3P shuttle?

A

30

35
Q

How many ATP is yielded in glycolysis in anaerobic conditions?

A

2

36
Q

Inhibitors of Complex 1

A

Rotenone and Amytal
e- transport inhibitor

37
Q

Complex 3 inhibitors

A

Antimycin A
e- transport inhibitor

38
Q

Complex 4 inhibitors

A

Cyanide, carbon monoxide, azide
e- transport inhibitors

39
Q

Inhibitors of Complex 5

A

Oligomycin
Inhibits ATP synthase

Biochemistry (5 decks)

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