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Biochemistry > Metabolic pathways: pyruvate dehydrogenase & TCA > Flashcards

Metabolic pathways: pyruvate dehydrogenase & TCA Flashcards

1
Q

What is NAD+ derived from?

A

Niacin, a vitamin

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2
Q

Why must NAD+ be recycled?

A

It is in limited supply

NADH must be re-oxidised to allow glycolysis to continue

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3
Q

What is pyruvate converted to in the absence of oxygen?

A

Ethanol (plants, yeast, microorganisms)

Lactate (animals)

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4
Q

What enzyme catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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5
Q

How is NAD+ recycled?

A

Further metabolism e.g. conversion of pyruvate to lactate allows re-oxidation of NADH

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6
Q

How many CO2 are released in the Krebs cycle?

A

2

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7
Q

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

A

Matrix of mitochondria

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8
Q

Why is it assumed that mitochondria have evolved from captive bacteria?

A

Mitochondria have their own DNA

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9
Q

What is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

An enzyme system which catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

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10
Q

How many CO2 are released in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and why?

A

1
Pyruvate contains 3 carbons
Acetyl-CoA only contains 2

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11
Q

How does pyruvate get into the mitochondrial matrix?

A

There are specific transport proteins in the membranes

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12
Q

How many enzymes are involved in the control of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

2

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13
Q

How many enzymes are involved in the actual reaction mechanism of the PDC?

A

3

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14
Q

How many coenzymes are involved in the PDC?

A

5

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15
Q

Is the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl co-A reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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16
Q

What happens to the acetyl-coA produced in the PDC?

A

Enters the TCA cycle

17
Q

What happens in the initial reaction in the TCA cycle?

A

Acetyl-CoA binds with a four carbon molecule to produce the six carbon citric acid

18
Q

How many oxidation reactions are involved in the TCA cycle?

A

4

19
Q

How many hydrogen molecules are released in one round of the TCA cycle?

A

3NADH + H+

1 FADH2

20
Q

What is the four carbon molecule that binds with acetyl-CoA to form citric acid in the initial reaction of the TCA cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate

21
Q

What kind of reaction is the conversion of GDP to GTP?

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

22
Q

What is the name of the only enzyme which uses FAD as a co-factor and where is it located?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

Located in the inner mitochondrial membrane

23
Q

How many hydrogen molecules in total are released from glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the TCA cycle?

A

10 NADH + H+

2 FADH2

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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