Metabolic pathways and ATP production I

Question 1

Sketch a cartoon of the 3 stages of cellular metabolism that convert food to waste products, identify the cellular location of each stage?

Answer 1

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Question 2

List the first 3 steps for glycolysis?

Answer 2

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Question 3

List steps 4 to 5 for glycolysis?

Answer 3

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Question 4

List steps 6 to 9 for Glycolysis?

Answer 4

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Question 5

What is step 10 for glycolysis?

Answer 5

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Question 6

What are the two main concepts for glycolysis?

Answer 6

Formation of a High Energy Compound Splitting of a High Energy Compound

Question 7

What is the net result of glycolysis?

Answer 7

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 8

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 8

Substrate-level phosphorylation can be defined as the production of ATP by the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate substrate in a biochemical pathway to ADP, such as occurs in glycolysis add pic

Question 9

Name the 3 fates of pyruvate

Answer 9

Generation of acetyl CoA Alcoholic Fermentation Generation of Lactate

Question 10

What is the reaction that converts pyruvate to lactate?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is the reaction that converts Pyruvate to ethanol?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Why is Regeneration of NAD+ essential in anaerobic reaction?

Answer 12

Both alcoholic fermentation and the generation of lactate serve one common purpose: They allow NAD+ to be regenerated and thus glycolysis to continue, in conditions of oxygen deprivation.

Question 13

What can elevated levels of Lactate dehydrogenase be used to diagnose?

Answer 13

Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Diagnostic Tool stroke heart attack liver disease (e.g. hepatitis) muscle injury muscular dystrophy pulmonary infarction LDH is present in many body tissues, especially the heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain blood cells and lungs. LDH catalyses the inter-conversion of pyruvate and lactate.

Question 14

In muscle, the amount of ATP needed during exercise is only enough to sustain contraction for around one second. How does the body overcome this problem?

Answer 14

large reservoir of creatine phosphate

Question 15

Write the reaction which converts creatine phophate to creatine?

Answer 15

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Question 16

How can creatine phosphate be used as a diagnostic tool?

Answer 16

When a muscle is damaged, creatine kinase leaks into the bloodstream. Either total levels of creatine kinase or the tissue specific isoform can be measured to help to determine which tissue has been damaged

Question 17

What elevated levels of creatine phosphate be used to diagnose?

Answer 17

diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack) determine the extent of muscular disease evaluate cause of chest pain help discover carriers of muscular dystrophy (Duchenne

Question 18

What happens in the link reaction? Write down the overall reaction

Answer 18

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Question 19

Where does the link reaction occur?

Answer 19

mitachondrial matrix

Question 20

Name the enzymes and their corresponding co-factor that makes up the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Answer 20

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Question 21

list the 5 steps in which Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA

Answer 21

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