Integration of metabolism Flashcards
How is blood glucose concentration controlled after you have had a meal?
- Increased secreation of insulin from pancreatic islets
- increased glucose uptake by liver- stored as glycogen or used in glycolysis to produce acetyl-CoA (used for fatty acid synthesis)
- Increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscles
- Increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue
- Increase use of metabolic intermeadiates throughout the body due to general stimulatory effect on synthesis and growth
What happens to excess glucose in the liver
increased glucose uptake by liver- stored as glycogen or used in glycolysis to produce acetyl-CoA (used for fatty acid synthesis)
Which mechanism control blood glucose concentration after a meal when your blood glucose conc is dropping?
- Increased glucagon secreation
- glucose production in liver by gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
- utilisation of fatty acid breakdown as an alternative dor ATP production
What effects does adrenaline have when yur blood glucose conc falls?
- liver-glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
- skeletal muscle- same as liver
adipose tissue- fat lipolysis to provide other tissues with alternative substrates
What happens to the body after prolonged fasting ( can no longer be covered by glycogen reserves)
- Adipose tissues begin to hydrolyse triglycerides to provide fatty acids for metabolism
- TCA cycle intermeadiates are reduced in amount to provide substrates for gluconeogenesis
- Protein breakdown provides amino acids for gluconeogenesis
- Ketone bodies are produced from fatty acids and amino acids in liver to substitute, partially, the brains requirements for glucose.
Name the possible complications of diabetes?
hyperglycaemia with progressive tissue damage
increase in plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins with possible cardiovascular complications
increase in ketone bodies with possible acidosis
hypoglycaemia with consequent coma if insulin dosage imperfectly controlled
