Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production 2

Question 1

TCA net yield from 1 glucose

Answer 1

4 x CO2
6 x NADH
2 x GTP
2 x FADH2

Question 2

Where are the majority of TCA cycle enzymes held?

Answer 2

mitochondrial matrix space

Question 3

Where is succinate dehydrogenase held?

Answer 3

integral membrane protein attached to inner surface of inner mitochondria membrane

Question 4

What is the role of GTP?

Answer 4

act as a regulator of small GTP binding proteins or signal transduction processes

Question 5

Why does the Kreb’s cycle require aerobic conditions?

Answer 5

NAD+ and FAD are only regenerated via transfer of electrons to oxygen during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

What is degradation of A.A?

Answer 6

removal of amino group so that C skeleton can be used to produce glucose or used in Kreb’s cycle

Question 7

What 7 molecules does A.A degradation produce?

Answer 7

pyruvate, acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate, oxaloacetate

Question 8

What is a transamination reaction?

Answer 8

amine group is transferred from one A.A to keto acid to form new pair

Question 9

What happens to pyruvate and glutamate produced from alanine transamination?

Answer 9

pyruvate enters Kreb’s cycle and glutamate converted back to alpha-ketoglutarate by glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 10

What are the 2 shuttle called that transport NADH? Where are they used?

Answer 10

Glycerol phosphate shuttle - brain/skeletal muscle

Malate aspartate shuttle - liver/kidney/heart

Question 11

How does NADP+ differ from NAD+?

Answer 11

phosphate group attached to the ribose ring