Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production 1 Flashcards
What does a kinase do?
catalyses transfer of Pi group from donor to substrate
What does isomerase do?
shuffles the molecule to give different conformation of molecules
What does glucose-6-phosphate do and why?
traps glucose in cell due to negative charge
What is useful about fructose?
can be split into 2 equal halves
What is useful about fructose-1,6-biphosphate?
highly symmetrical, high energy
What does phosphofructokinase regulation do?
controls entry of sugars in glycolysis
What are the 3 possibilities of pyruvate?
alcoholic fermentation, generation of lactate, generation of acetyl CoA
Give the equations for alcoholic fermentation, including enzymes
1) pyruvate ---> acetaldehyde H+---->CO2 pyruvate decarboxylase 2) acetaldehyde ---> ethanol NADH + H+ ----> NAD+ alcohol dehydrogenase
Give the equation for generation of lactate, including enzyme
pyruvate —-> lactate
NADH + H+ —–> NAD+
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
What does the regeneration of NAD+ allow?
glycolysis to continue in anaerobic conditions
What can elevated LDL mean?
stroke, heart attack, muscle injury
What does creatine reservoir do and give the reaction, including enzyme
added source of ATP at high demand
creatine phosphate creatine
ADP + H+ —-> ATP
creatine kinase
How is creatine kinase used as diagnostic tool?
if muscle is damaged it leaks into blood steam and levels elevate, specific isoform can also identify the damaged tissue
What can elevated CK levels indicate?
heart attack, muscular disease extant, discover carriers of MD
Give the equation for generation of acetyl CoA
pyruvate + HS-CoA —> acetyl CoA + CO2
NAD+ —-> NADH
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
