Metabolic Pathways Flashcards
Conversion of glucose to 2 molecules of either pyruvate or lactate
Glycolysis
Most common type of glycolysis
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
Production of glucose from precursors such as lactate, glycerol, glucogenic amino acids, intermediates of glycolysis and TCA cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of storage form of carbohydrates from UDP-glucose
Glycogenesis
Retrieval of glucose from its storage form
Glycogenolysis
Synthesis of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Luebering-Rapoport Pathway
Produces NADPH, ribose 5P, and provides a mechanism for metabolic use of 5C sugars
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Synthesis of acidic sugars, and in some animals, ascorbic acid
Uronic Acid Pathway
Synthesis of sorbitol
Polyol Pathway
Final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Tricaboxylic Acid Cycle
Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 each donate a pair of electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers
Electron Transport Chain
Conversion of excess nitrogen into a non-toxic, highly water-soluble compound in humans
Urea Cycle
Other name of the urea cycle
Krebs-Henseleit Cycle
Synthesis of palmitate from acetyl CoA
Lipogenesis
Breakdown of palmitate into acetyl CoA
Beta-oxidation
Synthesis of alternative metabolic fuel from acetyl CoA during a fast
Ketogenesis
Lactate in exercising muscle is converted back to glucose in the liver
Cori Cycle
In muscle, pyruvate is transaminated to form alanine, which is shuttled to the liver where the amino group enters the urea cycle and the pyruvate is used to make glucose, which is shunted back to muscle
Glucose-Alanine Cycle
Provides the glycerol backbone of triacylglycerol in liver and adipose tissue, and carbon skeleton of nonessential amino acids
Glycolysis
Provides the energy required by gluconeogenesis
Beta-Oxidation
Only two pathways present in erythrocytes
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Reconvert purines obtained from diet and turnover of cellular nucleic acids to nucleoside triphosphates
Purine Salvage Pathway
