BIOCHEM INTEGRATED Flashcards
<p>Process that releases energy.
-delta G</p>
<p>Exergonic Reaction</p>
<p>Process that requires energy
\+delta G</p>
<p>Endergonic Reaction</p>
<p>Site of ATP production</p>
<p>Cytoplasm and Mitochondria</p>
<p>Loss of electrons
| (Substance becomes more positive)</p>
<p>Oxidation</p>
<p>Gain of electrons
| (Substance becomes more negative)</p>
<p>Reduction</p>
<p>Product of de novo purine synthesis
| (Precursor of Guanine and Adenosine residues)</p>
<p>Inosine Monophosphate (IMP)</p>
<p>1st committed step of purine synthesis</p>
<p>Ribose-5-phosphate to PRPP
| (Thru action of PRPP synthetase and ATP)</p>
<p>Xanthine oxidase inhibitor</p>
<p>Allopurinol</p>
<p>Disease where there is deficiency in HGPRT</p>
<p>Lesch-Nyhan syndrome</p>
<p>Pyrimidine ring structure is formed by...</p>
<p>Carbamoyl phosphate and Aspartate</p>
<p>Rate limiting enzyme in Glycolysis</p>
<p>Phosphofrucktokinase-1 (PFK-1)</p>
<p>Glycogen synthetase : Glycogenesis
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : Glycogenolysis</p>
<p>Glycogen phosphorylase</p>
<p>Rate limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis</p>
<p>Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase</p>
<p>Vitamin D deficiency in adults</p>
<p>Osteomalacia</p>
<p>pH at which zwitterion is predominant</p>
<p>Isoelectric pH (IpH)</p>
<p>This enzyme in glycolysis is inhibited when cell is rich in ATP</p>
<p>Phosphofructokinase-1</p>
<p>Number of ATP formed in one molecule of Acetyl CoA</p>
<p>10</p>
<p>Enzyme deficient in von Gierke's disease</p>
<p>Glucose-6-phosphatase</p>
<p>Carrier of TAGs and other dietary lipids from the INTESTINES to the LIVER and ADIPOSE TISSUE</p>
<p>Chylomicrons</p>
<p>Carrier of newly synthesized TAGs from liver to adipose tissue</p>
<p>Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)</p>
<p>Type of reaction
ATP to ADP or AMP</p>
<p>Hydrolysis</p>
<p>Products of Aldolase action on Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate</p>
<p>Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)</p>
<p>Irreversible steps in Glycolysis</p>
<p>Step 1: Glucose ---> Glucose-6-phosphate (hexokinase or glucokinase)
Step 3: Fructose-6-phosphate ---> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Phosphodructokinase-1)
Step 10: Phosphoenolpyruvate ---> Pyruvate (Pyruvate kinase)</p>
<p>Rate limiting enzyme of:
1. Ketogenesis
2. Cholesterol synthesis</p>
<p>1. HMG CoA synthase
| 2. HMG CoA reductase</p>
Non-insulin requiring organs
Brain (except hypothalamus), RBCs, intestinal cells, kidneys
Converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Product of anaerobic glycolysis
Lactate / lactic acid
PFK-1 is inhibited by _____ and activated by ______
ATP and Citrate; AMP
Fates of pyruvate
Lactate dehydrogenase ---> Lactate Pyruvate dehydrogenase ---> Acetyl CoA Pyruvate carboxylase ---> Oxaloacetate Pyruvate kinase ---> PEP to Pyruvate Yeast, bacteria ---> ethanol
```Only amino acid with no chiral center / chiral carbon Chiral center: Carbon with 4 unique substituenta attached to it
Glycine (2 Hydrogens attached to it)
Sulfur containing amino acids
Cysteine (Cys, C) | Methionine (Met, M)
Acidic amino acids
Aspartic acid / Aspartate (Asp, D) | Glutamic acid / Glutamate (Glu, E)
Branched chain amino acids
Leucine (Leu, L) Isoleucine (Ile, I) Valine (Val, V)
Smallest amino acid
Glycine
Products of PPP
Ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH
Another name for Glycolysis
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
INITIAL Electron carriers of ETC
NADH & FADH2
