Metabolic Parameters

Question 1

Average TP of plasma.

Answer 1

60-80 g/L

Question 2

Detection range of TP of the Biuret method or refractometry.

Answer 2

20-100 g/L

Cannot detect protein content in CSF, urine, body cavity fluids or tissue homogenates

Question 3

Detection range of TP of the ultra sensitive total protein analysis

Answer 3

0.2-0.4 g/L

Question 4

Sample for blood protein fractions

Answer 4

Serum

Question 5

Protein fractions of serum

Answer 5

60% albumin

40% globulins

Question 6

Protein fractions of plasma

Answer 6

50 % albumin
30 % globulins
20 % fibrinogen

Question 7

What is polyclonal gammopathy and when does it occur?

Answer 7

An increase in immunoglobulins (Beta and gamma) derived from more than one plasma cell line.

Typically associated with Inflammation and benign conditions.

• inflammatory processes
• some immune mediated diseases
• liver disease
• FIP (+ increased alpha2-globulins)
• heartworm
• Ehrlichiosis

Increased IgA and IgM

• lymphoma
• heartworm
• chronic active hepatitis

Question 8

What is monoclonal gammopathy and when does it occur?

Answer 8

Increase of a protein fraction derived from a single plasma cell line.

Typically associated with neoplastic or malignant conditions.

• immune mediated diseases
• neoplastic diseases

Question 9

Neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies

Answer 9

• multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
• lymphoma (IgG or IgM)
• chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (usually IgG)
• extramedullary plasmacytomas (sometimes biclonal)
• macroglobulinaemia (IgM)

Question 10

Non-neoplastic monoclonal gammopathies

Answer 10

Usually IgG

• occult heartworm
• FIPV
• Ehrlichia canis
• lymphoplasmocytic enteritis
• lymphoplasmocytic dermatitis and amyloidosis

These should be ruled out before diagnosing multiple myeloma (neoplastic).

Question 11

Normal urea concentration in milk

Answer 11

2-5 mmol/L

Question 12

Normal urea concentration in plasma

Answer 12

8-10 mmol/L

Question 13

Normal triglycerid (TG) concentration of plasma in dogs.

Answer 13

1 mmol/L

Question 14

Normal cholesterol concentration

Answer 14

2-6 mmol/L

Question 15

Normal FFA value

Answer 15

0.1-0.3 mmol/L

Question 16

Normal total lipid (TL)

Answer 16

5-7 mmol/L

Question 17

Normal triacylglycerol (TG) level

Answer 17

0.6-1.2 mmol/L

Sheep: 1.5-4 mmol/L

Question 18

Which glucose concentration indicates diabetes mellitus?

Answer 18

> 11 mmol/L at starvation

Question 19

Normal ketone body concentration in milk.

Answer 19

1 mmol/L

Udder dilutes

Question 20

Normal ketone body concentration in plasma.

Answer 20

3-5 mmol/L

Question 21

Normal ketone body concentration in urine.

Answer 21

10 mmol/L.

Kidneys concentrate

Question 22

Normal plasma TG content in dog.

Answer 22

1 mmol/L

Question 23

Give the apolipoprotein for triacyl glycerol.

Answer 23

VLDL

Question 24

Give the apolipoprotein for phospholipids

Answer 24

HDL

Question 25

Give the apolipoprotein for cholesterol

Answer 25

LDL/HDL

Question 26

Give the apolipoprotein for cholesterol ester.

Answer 26

(HDL)

Question 27

Give the apolipoprotein for FFA.

Answer 27

albumin