Metabolic Medicine Flashcards
How does hypocalcaemia present?
perioral paraesthesia, cramps, tetany and convulsions
How does hypercalcaemia present?
bones (bone pain), stones (renal calculi), groans (constipation), thrones (polyuria) and moans (fatigue, depression, confusion).
How do we treat hypercalcaemia?
IV normal saline
How does furosemide work?
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop leading to increased excretion of sodium and water along with chloride, magnesium and calcium. It also increases potassium excretion so its use may lead to hypokalaemia rather than hyperkalaemia.
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Chvostek’s sign: percussion over the facial nerve triggers facial muscle spasm in hypocalcaemia
Raised ALP in the context of normal LFTs raises the suspicion of…
Metastases, in particular bone mets
How do we treat asymptomatic hyperuricaemia
We don’t
What can vitamin C deficiency cause?
Bleeding gums
What vitamin deficiency can cause pellagra?
Niacin
Diarrhoea, confusion and eczematous skin
How does small cell lung cancer present?
Small-cell lung cancer is strongly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, particularly the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which explains the hyponatraemia seen in this patient. The combination of a significant smoking history, weight loss, respiratory symptoms, and chest X-ray findings strongly supports this diagnosis.
What is reactive thrombocytosis?
Platelets play a vital role in haemostasis but their count can increase during periods of inflammation or infection; this is known as reactive thrombocytosis.
When do we give atorvastatin 20mg?
Atorvastatin 20mg is a high-intensity statin and should be started as primary prevention against cardiovascular disease. Atorvastatin 80mg is used in secondary prevention.
Where do you find ALP?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is present in many tissues throughout the body, but primarily in the liver, bile ducts and bone. A rise in ALP levels can be caused by conditions that produce injury or inflammation to these tissues.
