Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in each cell of a living organism.

Question 2

Anabolic process

Answer 2

Synthesise larger molecules from smaller components.

Question 3

Catabolic process

Answer 3

Break down larger molecules into smaller ones.

Question 4

3 main dietary energy sources

Answer 4

Carbohydrates.
Fats.
Proteins.

Question 5

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 5

Amount of energy needed to keep the body alive in the resting state.
Respiration, contraction of heart muscle, tissue repair.
Require energy in addition to BMR for activity:
- Sedentary = + 30%.
- Active = + 60-70%.
Henry equation involves use of age, gender, height and weight.

Question 6

Prudent diet

Answer 6

5+ servings of fruit/veg. 
Base meals around starchy carbohydrates.
No more than 5% of energy from sugars. 
0.8g/kg/day of protein. 
Man = no more than 30g saturated fat/day. 
Women = no more 20g saturated fat/day. 
Avoid excess supplementation. 
Adults have no more than 6g of salt/day.

Question 7

One unit of alcohol

Answer 7

56 Kcal.

Question 8

Lower BMR

Answer 8

• Older (lose muscle mass and gain fat which is less metabolically active).
• Diet/ starvation.
• Hypothyroidism.

Question 9

Higher BMR

Answer 9

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Colder temperatures.
• Fever/ infection/ chronic disease.