Metabolic Energy Flashcards
What are characteristic of HER2-Herceptin Complex (Human epidermal receptor 2)?
It is not very present
HER2 doesn’t require EGF binding for dimerization/activation
Is always signaling cell to divide when dimerized
What affects do mutations on HER2-Herceptin Complex (Human epidermal receptor 2) have?
Mutations increasing levels of HER2 found in several cancers • Brest cancer • Ovarian cancer • Stomach cancer • Uterine cancer
How is too much HER2 treated?
Use a monoclonal antibody –Herceptin
It binds to HER2 receptor
If we have too much HER2 being made we have a problem
Herceptin binds to 1 of the HER2 receptors and does not allow the HER2 to dimerize together, but it is a very powerful treatment.
What are characteristics of Bcr-Abl Fusion?
Also known as Philadelphia translocation
Present in 95 % of people with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Chromosome that contain Bcr and chromosome that contains Abl crossover and you get fusion chromosome
Why is Bcr-Abl Fusion bad?
Abl is a tyrosine kinase and is made at low levels
Bcr is made at high levels and the control region of this is what gets fused together
Bcr-Abl Fusion- Is a fusion protein that phosphorylates tyrosines at higher levels than Abl would have otherwise.
How to treat Bcr-Abl Fusion?
Gleevec (Imatinib) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets Bcr-Abl Fusion
Gleevec has almost doubled the five year survival rate of CML patients
What are characteristics of Anabolic Processes?
Large molecules made from small molecules
Require energy
Tend to be Reductive in nature
• Ex. Synthesis of large molecules
What are characteristics of Catabolic Processes?
Breaking down large molecules to small molecules
Release energy
Tend to be Oxidative in nature
• Ex. Proteins to amino acids
• Ex. Polysaccharides to glucose and sugars
• Ex. Fats to fatty acids and glycerol
How is Glucose is used in catabolism?
o Glucose is used in catabolism to release:
♣ CO2
♣ NADH
♣ ATP
How is Glucose is used in anabolism?
o Glucose is used in anabolism to form:
DNA/RNA
Carbohydrates
Proteins and Fats
What is equilibrium?
Equilibrium: concentration is not changing over time
if delta G is 0, B-> A and A-> B are equally favored. The system is at equilibrium.
In special occasion delta G0’ =0 and delta G = 0 happens when______
In special occasion, G0’ =0 and G = 0 happens when we have 1 to 1 ratios of products and reactants
Delta G0’ is the____
is a measure of the change in free energy available under standard conditions
What are standard conditions?
Standard temperature
Standard pressure
Concentration of everything at 1 Molar
Why is the prime used in G0’?
The prime is there because we are looking at a biological system at the pH= 7
