Metabolic Disorders: DM and liver disorders

Question 0

What is Type 1 DM?

Answer 0

Beta cell destruction, leading to absolute insulin deficiency

Question 1

What is DM?

Answer 1

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

Question 2

What is Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 2

Insulin resistance.

Question 3

What are the S/S of DM?

Answer 3

Polyphagia, polydipsia, and hunger

Question 4

When is the onset for type 1 DM?

Answer 4

Juvenile onset diabetes.

Question 5

What happens in type 1 DM?

Answer 5

It is autoimmune, the beta cells are destroyed, causing loss of insulin production.

Question 6

What happens when you have less insulin?

Answer 6

Your sugar goes up (NO BUS) , along with lipids and ketones form, (DKA), causes you to be less hungry and lose weight.

Question 7

What age group does type II DM affect?

Answer 7

Adult onset. Correlated with age, obesity,and family history.

Question 8

What happens to the insulin in type II DM?

Answer 8

Increase in insulin secretion to compensate for peripheral tissue resistance. (In the end this system fails though because the pancreas will burn out, and they will need insulin as well)

Question 9

What is normal fasting blood glucose?

Answer 9

70-100mg/dL

Question 10

What does Hb1Ac measure?

Answer 10

Will tell you glucose level over the past 4 months (normal is less than 6.5%)

Question 11

Hyperglycemia diagnostics: what fasting plasma glucose level indicates hyperglycemia?

Answer 11

Greater than 100

Question 12

Hyperglycemia diagnostics: what level of a random blood glucose indicates hyperglycemia?

Answer 12

Greater than 126 with polyuria and polydipsia

Question 13

Hyperglycemia diagnostics:what oral glucose tolerance test indicates hyperglycemia?

Answer 13

1 hour: less than 200mg/dL.

2 hours: less than 140mg/dL

Question 14

What are the adrenergic s/s for hypoglycemia?

Answer 14

Diaphoresis, sweating, hunger, headache and anxiety

Question 15

What are neuroglucopenic s/s of hypoglycemia?

Answer 15

Confusion, slurred speech, coma and seizure.

Question 16

What is the only thing that feeds your brain?

Answer 16

GLUCOSE!:)

Question 17

What is the onset of hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 17

Rapid

Question 18

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 18

Weak, anxious, confused and tachycardia

Question 19

What is the skin like in hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 19

Perspiring

Question 20

What are the mucous membranes like in hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 20

Normal

Question 21

What are the respirations like in hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 21

Normal

Question 22

Who is at risk for hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 22

Type I and type II DM, insufficient food intake, excessive exercise, and excessive insulin.

Question 23

What is the blood sugar in hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 23

Newborns: 30mg/dL or less
Adults: 60mg/dL or less

Question 24

What is the Tx for hypoglycemia/shock?

Answer 24

Fast acting carbohydrate, IV glucose, subcutaneous glucagon

Question 25

What is the onset for DKA?

Answer 25

Slow

Question 26

What are the symptoms of DKA?

Answer 26

N/V, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, headache, irritable, comatose, fruity great odor, and SOB

Question 27

What is the skin like in DKA?

Answer 27

Hot, flushed, and dry

Question 28

What are the mucous membranes like in DKA?

Answer 28

Dry

Question 29

What are the respiration like in DKA?

Answer 29

Hyperventilation

Question 30

Who is at risk for DKA?

Answer 30

Type I DM, stressful situation

Question 31

What is the blood sugar in DKA?

Answer 31

Greater than 250mg/dL

Question 32

What is the Tx for DKA?

Answer 32

Low dose insulin, electrolyte and fluid replacement.

Question 33

What occurs in diabetes?

Answer 33

There is either decreased insulin secretion, or insensitivity to insulin, therefore glucose can’t be driven into the cell and hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis can occur.

Question 34

What happens with increased lipid levels?

Answer 34

Body uses free fatty acids for energy and ketones are produced (which cause high lipid levels!)

Question 35

What does high lipid levels result in?

Answer 35

DKA