Metabolic Disorders: DM and liver disorders Flashcards
What is Type 1 DM?
Beta cell destruction, leading to absolute insulin deficiency
What is DM?
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance.
What are the S/S of DM?
Polyphagia, polydipsia, and hunger
When is the onset for type 1 DM?
Juvenile onset diabetes.
What happens in type 1 DM?
It is autoimmune, the beta cells are destroyed, causing loss of insulin production.
What happens when you have less insulin?
Your sugar goes up (NO BUS) , along with lipids and ketones form, (DKA), causes you to be less hungry and lose weight.
What age group does type II DM affect?
Adult onset. Correlated with age, obesity,and family history.
What happens to the insulin in type II DM?
Increase in insulin secretion to compensate for peripheral tissue resistance. (In the end this system fails though because the pancreas will burn out, and they will need insulin as well)
What is normal fasting blood glucose?
70-100mg/dL
What does Hb1Ac measure?
Will tell you glucose level over the past 4 months (normal is less than 6.5%)
Hyperglycemia diagnostics: what fasting plasma glucose level indicates hyperglycemia?
Greater than 100
Hyperglycemia diagnostics: what level of a random blood glucose indicates hyperglycemia?
Greater than 126 with polyuria and polydipsia
Hyperglycemia diagnostics:what oral glucose tolerance test indicates hyperglycemia?
1 hour: less than 200mg/dL.
2 hours: less than 140mg/dL
What are the adrenergic s/s for hypoglycemia?
Diaphoresis, sweating, hunger, headache and anxiety
What are neuroglucopenic s/s of hypoglycemia?
Confusion, slurred speech, coma and seizure.
What is the only thing that feeds your brain?
GLUCOSE!:)
What is the onset of hypoglycemia/shock?
Rapid
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia/shock?
Weak, anxious, confused and tachycardia
What is the skin like in hypoglycemia/shock?
Perspiring
What are the mucous membranes like in hypoglycemia/shock?
Normal
What are the respirations like in hypoglycemia/shock?
Normal
Who is at risk for hypoglycemia/shock?
Type I and type II DM, insufficient food intake, excessive exercise, and excessive insulin.
What is the blood sugar in hypoglycemia/shock?
Newborns: 30mg/dL or less
Adults: 60mg/dL or less
What is the Tx for hypoglycemia/shock?
Fast acting carbohydrate, IV glucose, subcutaneous glucagon
What is the onset for DKA?
Slow
What are the symptoms of DKA?
N/V, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, headache, irritable, comatose, fruity great odor, and SOB
What is the skin like in DKA?
Hot, flushed, and dry
What are the mucous membranes like in DKA?
Dry
What are the respiration like in DKA?
Hyperventilation
Who is at risk for DKA?
Type I DM, stressful situation
What is the blood sugar in DKA?
Greater than 250mg/dL
What is the Tx for DKA?
Low dose insulin, electrolyte and fluid replacement.
What occurs in diabetes?
There is either decreased insulin secretion, or insensitivity to insulin, therefore glucose can’t be driven into the cell and hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis can occur.
What happens with increased lipid levels?
Body uses free fatty acids for energy and ketones are produced (which cause high lipid levels!)
What does high lipid levels result in?
DKA
