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pink piggies for patho exam 4:) > Liver pink pigs > Flashcards

Liver pink pigs Flashcards

0
Q

What is portal hypertension?

A

Abnormally high BP in the portal venous system of 10mmHg (when the normal is 3mmHg).

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1
Q

Intrahepatic causes of portal HTN.

A

Cirrhosis of the liver

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of portal hypertension?

A

Fibrosis and obstruction caused by cirrhosis of the liver!!!

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3
Q

What is a prehepatic problem for portal HTN?

A

Thrombosis

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4
Q

What are varices?

A

Distended, torturous, collateral veins.
Prolonged elevation of pressure in the portal vein and systemic veins and their transformation into varices, primary in the esophagus and stomach but also over the abdominal wall.

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5
Q

What happens if varices rupture?

A

Life threatening hemorrhage

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6
Q

What can cause varices rupture?

A

Pressure (ex:vomiting)

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7
Q

What are some causes for portal HTN?

A

Right sided heart failure, cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis.

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8
Q

What is the most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension?

A

Vomiting of blood from bleeding esophageal varices.

Rupture is a combination of erosion. Y gastric acid and elevated venous pressure. Most individuals die within 1 year

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9
Q

What are the types of varices?

A

Lower esophagus, rectum, and stomach

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10
Q

What do we mainly see cirrhosis with?

A

Alcoholism

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11
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Metabolizes bilirubin, byproduct of the destruction of old RBCs.

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12
Q

What would happen if the liver failed?

A

Decreased in detoxification reactions (build up of ammonia from breakdown of proteins) , resulting in the accumulation of toxic substances in the blood, which can lead to HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

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13
Q

What occurs in hemolytic jaundice?

A

Excessive hemolysis of RBCs or absorption of a hematoma

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14
Q

What jaundice causes the breakdown of RBCs?

A

Hemolytic jaundice

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15
Q

What is elevated in liver disease?

A

Prothrombin time;’due to lack of synthesis of clotting factors

** elevated PT is more associated with acute liver disease, and decreased albumin is generally associated with chronic liver disease.

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16
Q

What is jaundice?

A

A yellow or greenish pigmentation of the skin from hyperbilirubinemia.

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17
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

A

Renal failure

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18
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome caused by?

A

Portal HTN, Peripheral vasodilation, and alcoholic cirrhosis.

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19
Q

What does hepatorenal demonstrate?

A

Oliguria, sodium and water retention, and peripheral vasodilation.m

20
Q

What causes those symptoms?

A

Advances in the liver disease

21
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

22
Q

In non-viral contagious?

A

No

23
Q

Is viral contagious?

A

Yes

24
Q

What increases your chances of getting vital hepatitis?

A

Advancing age and co morbidity

25
Q

What hepatitis is more common with age and co morbidity?

A

B and C

26
Q

What does liver damage result in!

A

Hepatic cell necrosis

27
Q

What is reversible?

A

Fatty liver

28
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral

29
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hep A?

A

FEVER!!!

Never becomes chronic

30
Q

How many of the worlds population have hep A?

A

40%

31
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Blood transfusion, needle sticks, sexual, and across the placenta

32
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hep B?

A

Hepatic necrosis, encephalopathy, and organ failure. 10% become chronic!!

33
Q

What percentage of population have Hep B?

A

5%

34
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

A

Blood transfusion, needle sticks, sexual, across the placenta

35
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hep C?

A

50% get chronic!! Cirrhosis, hepatic ellipse carcinoma.

36
Q

What percentage of population have hep C?

A

20%

37
Q

How is hepatitis D transmitted?

A

Blood transfusion, needle sticks, sexual, across the placenta.

38
Q

What are clinical manifestations of hep D?

A

HBV and HDV are acquired at same time and cause and accrue hepatitis. Fulminant hep and cirrhosis.

39
Q

You cannot have….

A

Hepatitis D without B!!!

40
Q

What is hepatitis E?

A

Same as A

41
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cirrhosis!!!

42
Q

What percentage of children have hep B?

A

90%

43
Q

Is cirrhosis reversible?

A

NOOOOOPPEEE

44
Q

What is the first phase of hepatitis?

A

Incubation phase: two weeks after exposure

45
Q

What is the prodromal phase of hepatitis?

A

2 weeks after exposure and ends with the appearance of jaundice. INFECTION IS HIGHLY TRANSMISSIBLE IN THIS STAGE

46
Q

What is the icteric phase?

A

1-2 weeks after prodromal phase and lasts 2-6 weeks. ACTUAL PHASE OF ILLNESS

47
Q

What is the recovery phase of hepatitis?

A

Resolution of jaundice, 6-8 weeks after exposure.

pink piggies for patho exam 4:) (5 decks)

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