Metabolic Bone Disease Flashcards
How is bone formed?
- osteocytes (bone cells) are embedded in an organic matrix of collagen fibers and noncollagenous protein.
- binding of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals.
- constantly renewed (resorption and replacement).
What are the 2 types of bone?
- CORTICAL= mechanical and protective function.
- TRABECULAR= metabolic function.
What is the metabolic function of trabecular bone?
- to reserve ions (especially calcium and phosphate).
What is the macroscopic organization of bone?
- cortex= compact (cortical) bone (80-90% calcified).
- trabecular= cancellous (spongy) makes up the remainder.
Does trabecular (cancellous/spongy) bone remodel more or less than cortical bone?
- more (80%) compared to cortical bone’s 20%, except in women after menopause.
What are the biochemical markers of bone formation?
- serum osteocalcin
- serum alk phos
- serum procollagen I extension peptides.
What are the biochemical markers of bone resorption?
- urinary N-telopeptide collagen crosslinks
- urinary deoxypyridinoline
What is the gold standard test for measuring osteoporosis?
- DEXA scan of vertebral spine or femoral neck
What is Osteomalacia?
- inadequate mineralization of bone matrix, due to low calcium-phosphate product (hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia or both).
What can cause of osteomalacia?
- vitamin D deficiency (most common)
- renal phosphate loss
- failure of intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphate or vitamin D.
What will you see in Osteomalacia (adults)/Rickets (children)?
- bowing of long bones
- widening of the epiphyses
- bone pain, tenderness, and muscle weakness.
What will teeth look like in vitamin-D resistant Rickets?
- hypoplastic teeth
- caries producing pulpitis
- abscesses
If a pt has Rickets due to lack of 1-hydroxylase in the kidney, how do you treat?
- 1, 25-dihydroxy D3
To what type of fracture does osteoporosis lead most often?
- hip fractures
* be aware in post menopausal women.
Does osteoporosis cause more loss of trabecular or cortical bone?
- more trabecular, but also cortical.
What is Osteoporosis?
- reduction in TRABECULAR bone mass, resulting in porous bone with an increased risk for fracture.
What are the 2 major causes of bone loss?
- age
2. estrogen deficiency (don’t forget younger women with hysterectomy).
What demographic is most at risk for osteoporosis?
- Caucasian women or Asian.
- short stature, slender build, small bones.
- Family Hx
- smoking hx
- estrogen deficiency
Can certain disease or drugs cause osteoporosis?
- YES (corticosteroids, alcohol, heparin, thyroxine, cyclosporine…)
What is the most common type of metabolic bone disease?
- Osteoporosis
When do you reach your peak bone mass?
- age 30
What does 1 standard deviation below normal indicate on a DEXA scan?
- osteoPENIA
What type of exercise must pts with osteoporosis do?
- WEIGHT BEARING exercise
In what stage of a woman’s life can she lose 1/3 of her bone mass?
- within 5 years of menopause
