metabolic acidosis Flashcards
what is a normal arterial pH
7.35 - 7.45
metabolic acidosis
decreased pH, decreased bicarbonate, decreased PC O2 to compensate
metabolic alkalosis
increased pH, increased bicarbonate, increased PCO2 to compensate
respiratory acidosis
decreased pH, increased PCO2, increased bicarbonate to compensate
respiratory alkalosis
increased pH, decreased PCO2, decreased bicarbonate to compensate
what is metabolic acidosis?
low arterial pH and low serum bicarbonate
what is a normal bicarbonate range?
24-26 mmol/l
what cells in the kidney excrete H+ and reabsorb bicarbonate
the tubular cells
this pathway can be upregulated or down regulated
what is the anion gap?
we can measure all cations, but can’t measure all anions
we can measure chloride and bicarbonate
an increased anion gap indicates an increased conc of anions other than chloride or bicarbonate
what is increased anion gap acidosis?
unknown anions have icreased
bicarbonate has decreased
what is normal anion gap acidosis?
unknown anions are normal
bicarbonate has decreased
chloride has been reabsorbed more and increased to compensate for loss of bicarbonate
what are causes of normal anion gap acidosis?
loss of bicarbonate through diarrhoea, surgical drains, fistulae, renal tubular acidosis
what are some causes of increased anion gap acidosis?
GOLDMARK rare: glycols, oxyproline l-lactate d-lactate methanol aspirin common: renal failure ketoacidosis
list some causes of lactic acidosis?
shock:
cardiogenic, anaphylactic, septic, hypovolemic
what are the main causes of ketoacidosis?
ketone production, fat metabolism
diabetes, alcohol, starvation
