aki Flashcards
what is the definition of an aki?
serum creatinine >26.5mumol/ltr in <48 hrs
or rises to >1.5 fold from baseline in preceding 7 days
urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6 hours
what are some intrarenal causes of aki?
glomerular disease (eg anti GBM, lupus nephritis, post infectious GN) acute tubular necrosis acute interstitial nephritis
what are some causes of acute interstitial nephritis?
drugs, infection, disease
which drugs cause acute tubular necrosis?
aminoglycosides, amphotericin, IV immunoglobulin, antiretrovirals
what are some prerenal causes of aki?
hypovolaemia, cardiac failure, hepatorenal syndrome
renal artery occlusion, vasculitis, thrombotic microangiopathy, atheroembolism
what are some post renal causes of aki?
bph, papillary necrosis, tumours, renal calculil, urinary retention
due to fluid overload, aki can cause ______
pitting oedema, pulmonary oedema
what is a normal range for serum potassium?
3.5-5 mmol/l
what are some consequences of hyperkalaemia?
cardiac arrest, ectopic beats, v fib, asystole, blocks
how should hyperkalaemia be treated
calcium stabilises cardiac membrane
insulin and dextrose drives potassium back into cells
what are some symptoms of metabolic acidosis?
breathless, tachypnoeic,nausea
what can be a consequence of uraemia
pericarditis, pleurisy, pericarditis, encephalopathy
what is one reason for confusion in an aki?
meds accumulating as they dont get excreted enough
what are some indications for renal replacement therapy?
life threatening pulmonary oedema severe metabolic acidosis severe hyperkalemia, eg ecg changes uraemic pericarditis uraemic encephalopathy
which veins can be used for inserting catheters in renal replacement therapy?
internal jugular, femoral, subclavian
