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Met1 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Troposphere is from surface to ??????

A

36,000ft

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2
Q

Tropopause is at 36,000ft and sits on top of the???????

A

Troposphere

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3
Q

Tropopause contains what percentage of total air mass

A

75%

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4
Q

The tropopause is part of the ????

A

Stratosphere

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5
Q

Temperatures does what with height

A

Reduces 1.9deg per 1000ft until 36,000

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6
Q

Cumulonimbus is shortened to

A

CB

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7
Q

An anvile cloud could be described as

A

Cumulonimbus

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8
Q

Nimbus means…

A

Rain bearing

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9
Q

Troposphere is heated by

A

The earth’s surface radiating up

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10
Q

Nitrogen is what percentage of the atmosphere

A

78%

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11
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

Water vapor is what percent of the troposphere?

A

4% volume

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13
Q

Where in the troposphere is the water vapour found
(Percentage and height)

A

Half of it’s mass is below 1.5km

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14
Q

99% of water vapour is contained within the…

A

Troposphere

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15
Q

What happens to the capacity to hold water vapour with varying air temperatures?

A

Warmer air has grater capacity to hold water vapour

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16
Q

Tropopause is at what altitude ISA

A

36,090ft
-56.5°c

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17
Q

Equatorial tropopause is

A

16 - 18 km high
Due to heat
(But colder as it’s higher)

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18
Q

Polar tropopause is

A

8 - 10 km high
Due to cold
(But warmer as it’s lower)

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19
Q

Tropopause varies during the year. How?

A

Winter - is lower (16 km equitorial)
Summer is high (18 km equitorial)

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20
Q

Latitude tells us where we are on what axis?

A

Up / down
N / S
(Pole - equator - pole)
Lat - ladder

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21
Q

Longitude tells us where we are on what axis?

A

East / West
Greenwich

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22
Q

SIGWX chart gives us spot heights of what?

A

Tropopause
H - is the highest
L - is the lowest

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23
Q

SIGWX chart have big black lines, what do they represent?

A

Jetstreams have speed indicated on them

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24
Q

SIGWX has a key

A

Use the key

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25
SIGWX chart may have a XXX on an altitude range, what does it mean?
Beyond the scope of the chart
26
What is the altitude range of the stratosphere
36,000ft - 65,600ft 11km - 20km
27
Ozone sits within which part of the atmosphere
stratosphere
28
Ozone layer is present in what altitude range?
20 - 30km
29
What two things makes the stratosphere a generally good place to fly?
> Clouds rare > Above hazards of troposphere (eg CBs > Turbulence still possible
30
How much of the OZONE is contained within the stratosphere?
90%
31
Which part of the atmosphere absorbs short-wave UV radiation?
OZONE in the stratosphere
32
OZONE has which properties
Extremely corrosive gas
33
What is responsible for temperature increase on the stratosphere?
OZONE
34
Respiratory problems can be caused by?
OZONE
35
ICAO stands for?
International Civil Aviation Organisation
36
ISA temperature
+15 Deg C Mean sea level Lapse rate -1.98 Deg per 1000 ft
37
ISA pressure
1013.25 29.92 InHg Best buddy with density
38
ISA density
1.225 Kg/m3 Best buddy with pressure
39
-56.5°c constant from and to which altitudes?
11km to 20km
40
Define: ISA deviation
Difference between ISA and reality
41
Change in 1 hPa corresponds to how many feet?
30feet (at sea level)
42
Is pressure lapse rate constant as you climb
No, 30ft at sea level. Pressure lapse rate decreases with height
43
300hPa is what FL
FL300
44
500hPa is what FL
FL180
45
At what altitude is ISA Density approximately 50% compare to MSL
At 22,000 ft, ISA Density is approximately 50% compare to MSL
46
At what altitude is ISA Density approximately 25% compare to MSL
At 40,000 ft, ISA Density is approximately 25% compare to MSL
47
ICAO is based where?
Montreal
48
What is ICAO for?
standarisation
49
WMO stands for
World meteorological organisation
50
In 1982 ICAO and WMO came up with what?
World Area Forecast System
51
VAAC stands for
Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre
52
TAF stands for
Terminal Area Forecast
53
World area forecast centres provide what kind of forecasts
Upper-air gridded forecasts
54
Who issues significant weather charts
World area forecast centres
55
How often are significant weather charts updated
6 - 9 hours
56
How often are TAF's produced?
3 or 6 hours.
57
What reports of airfield conditions about snow/slush/ice
SNOWTAM Valid up to 8hours
58
The name for an interim METAR is
SPECI
59
How often are METARs updated
30 - 60 mins
60
TRS stands for
Tropical revolving storm (Usually over water)
61
MWO stands for
Meteorological watch office
62
SIGMET is released how often?
4 - 6 hours
63
TCA stands for
Tropical cyclone advisors
64
SEV MTW stands for
Severe mountain wave
65
STNR INTSF stands for
Stationary and intensifying
66
SIGMET shall not exceed how many hours?
4 hours
67
SIGMET is short for
Significant meteoroligican information
68
SIGMET would cover what types of weather
Thunderstorms (TS) Tropical Cyclone (TC) Severe turbulence Severe icing (inc SEV due FZRA) Severe mountain waves Heavy Sand or Dust storm (SS & DS) Volcanic Ash and radioactive cloud (VA & RDOACT)
69
METAR is released how often?
30 or 60mins
70
In a METAR: VC means
Vicinity 8 - 16 km from the aerodrome
71
Runway numbering is true or magnetic?
Magnetic
72
ATIS, ATC use true or magnetic north?
Magnetic
73
METAR, TAF, SPECI, TREND use true or magnetic north
True
74
What is the name for a non-routine surface observation with the same as a METAR
SPECI
75
METAR wind is a mean over what period
10min mean
76
FEW is how many octas
1 - 2 Cloud base
77
SCT is how many octas
3 - 4 Cloud base
78
BKN is how many octas
5 - 7 Ceiling
79
OVC is how many octas
8 Ceiling
80
BECMG means?
conditions becoming between set time – permanent change.
81
TEMPO mean?
Temporary fluctuations in conditions, lasting less than one hour in each instance, in aggregate, covering less than half the TEMPO period.
82
TAF: FM means?
certain condition will prevail at specific time (similar to a BECMG)
83
TAF: PROB means?
indicates the probability that a certain change or value will occur.
84
TAF may provide MAX and MIN temperature forecast. How is maximum and minimum notated on the TAF?
TX - max TN - min
85
Define CAVOK
Visibility greater or equal to 10 km and the lowest visibility is not reported, no cumulonimbus or towering cumulus, no cloud below 5000 ft or highest minimum sector altitude (MSA)( whichever is the greater) and no weather significant to aviation.
86
What type of forecast would you pick up in flight?
VOLMET - broadcast on a schedule
87
Which in-flight report is played on a loop with 5 mins for each station?
VOLMET
88
Hadley, ferrel and polar are examples of what?
Cells?
89
In the ISA between 11 km and 20 km altitude the temperature lapse rate could be described as what
Isothermal
90
How would you describe the change in temperature in the stratosphere
Increases

XMet (10 decks)

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