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XMet > Met1 > Flashcards

Met1 Flashcards

1
Q

Troposphere is from surface to ??????

A

36,000ft

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2
Q

Tropopause is at 36,000ft and sits on top of the???????

A

Troposphere

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3
Q

Tropopause contains what percentage of total air mass

A

75%

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4
Q

The tropopause is part of the ????

A

Stratosphere

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5
Q

Temperatures does what with height

A

Reduces 1.9deg per 1000ft until 36,000

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6
Q

Cumulonimbus is shortened to

A

CB

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7
Q

An anvile cloud could be described as

A

Cumulonimbus

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8
Q

Nimbus means…

A

Rain bearing

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9
Q

Troposphere is heated by

A

The earth’s surface radiating up

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10
Q

Nitrogen is what percentage of the atmosphere

A

78%

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11
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

Water vapor is what percent of the troposphere?

A

4% volume

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13
Q

Where in the troposphere is the water vapour found
(Percentage and height)

A

Half of it’s mass is below 1.5km

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14
Q

99% of water vapour is contained within the…

A

Troposphere

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15
Q

What happens to the capacity to hold water vapour with varying air temperatures?

A

Warmer air has grater capacity to hold water vapour

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16
Q

Tropopause is at what altitude ISA

A

36,090ft
-56.5°c

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17
Q

Equatorial tropopause is

A

16 - 18 km high
Due to heat
(But colder as it’s higher)

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18
Q

Polar tropopause is

A

8 - 10 km high
Due to cold
(But warmer as it’s lower)

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19
Q

Tropopause varies during the year. How?

A

Winter - is lower (16 km equitorial)
Summer is high (18 km equitorial)

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20
Q

Latitude tells us where we are on what axis?

A

Up / down
N / S
(Pole - equator - pole)
Lat - ladder

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21
Q

Longitude tells us where we are on what axis?

A

East / West
Greenwich

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22
Q

SIGWX chart gives us spot heights of what?

A

Tropopause
H - is the highest
L - is the lowest

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23
Q

SIGWX chart have big black lines, what do they represent?

A

Jetstreams have speed indicated on them

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24
Q

SIGWX has a key

A

Use the key

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25
Q

SIGWX chart may have a XXX on an altitude range, what does it mean?

A

Beyond the scope of the chart

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26
Q

What is the altitude range of the stratosphere

A

36,000ft - 65,600ft
11km - 20km

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27
Q

Ozone sits within which part of the atmosphere

A

stratosphere

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28
Q

Ozone layer is present in what altitude range?

A

20 - 30km

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29
Q

What two things makes the stratosphere a generally good place to fly?

A

> Clouds rare
Above hazards of troposphere (eg CBs
Turbulence still possible

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30
Q

How much of the OZONE is contained within the stratosphere?

A

90%

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31
Q

Which part of the atmosphere absorbs short-wave UV radiation?

A

OZONE in the stratosphere

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32
Q

OZONE has which properties

A

Extremely corrosive gas

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33
Q

What is responsible for temperature increase on the stratosphere?

A

OZONE

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34
Q

Respiratory problems can be caused by?

A

OZONE

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35
Q

ICAO stands for?

A

International
Civil
Aviation
Organisation

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36
Q

ISA temperature

A

+15 Deg C
Mean sea level

Lapse rate
-1.98 Deg per 1000 ft

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37
Q

ISA pressure

A

1013.25
29.92 InHg
Best buddy with density

38
Q

ISA density

A

1.225 Kg/m3
Best buddy with pressure

39
Q

-56.5°c constant from and to which altitudes?

A

11km to 20km

40
Q

Define:
ISA deviation

A

Difference between ISA and reality

41
Q

Change in 1 hPa corresponds to how many feet?

A

30feet (at sea level)

42
Q

Is pressure lapse rate constant as you climb

A

No, 30ft at sea level.
Pressure lapse rate decreases with height

43
Q

300hPa is what FL

A

FL300

44
Q

500hPa is what FL

A

FL180

45
Q

At what altitude is ISA Density approximately
50% compare to MSL

A

At 22,000 ft, ISA Density is approximately
50% compare to MSL

46
Q

At what altitude is ISA Density approximately
25% compare to MSL

A

At 40,000 ft, ISA Density is approximately
25% compare to MSL

47
Q

ICAO is based where?

A

Montreal

48
Q

What is ICAO for?

A

standarisation

49
Q

WMO stands for

A

World meteorological organisation

50
Q

In 1982 ICAO and WMO came up with what?

A

World Area Forecast System

51
Q

VAAC stands for

A

Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre

52
Q

TAF stands for

A

Terminal Area Forecast

53
Q

World area forecast centres provide what kind of forecasts

A

Upper-air gridded forecasts

54
Q

Who issues significant weather charts

A

World area forecast centres

55
Q

How often are significant weather charts updated

A

6 - 9 hours

56
Q

How often are TAF’s produced?

A

3 or 6 hours.

57
Q

What reports of airfield conditions about snow/slush/ice

A

SNOWTAM
Valid up to 8hours

58
Q

The name for an interim METAR is

A

SPECI

59
Q

How often are METARs updated

A

30 - 60 mins

60
Q

TRS stands for

A

Tropical revolving storm
(Usually over water)

61
Q

MWO stands for

A

Meteorological watch office

62
Q

SIGMET is released how often?

A

4 - 6 hours

63
Q

TCA stands for

A

Tropical cyclone advisors

64
Q

SEV MTW stands for

A

Severe mountain wave

65
Q

STNR INTSF stands for

A

Stationary and intensifying

66
Q

SIGMET shall not exceed how many hours?

A

4 hours

67
Q

SIGMET is short for

A

Significant meteoroligican information

68
Q

SIGMET would cover what types of weather

A

Thunderstorms (TS)
Tropical Cyclone (TC)
Severe turbulence
Severe icing (inc SEV due FZRA)
Severe mountain waves
Heavy Sand or Dust storm (SS & DS)
Volcanic Ash and radioactive cloud (VA & RDOACT)

69
Q

METAR is released how often?

A

30 or 60mins

70
Q

In a METAR:
VC means

A

Vicinity
8 - 16 km from the aerodrome

71
Q

Runway numbering is true or magnetic?

A

Magnetic

72
Q

ATIS, ATC use true or magnetic north?

A

Magnetic

73
Q

METAR, TAF, SPECI, TREND use true or magnetic north

A

True

74
Q

What is the name for a non-routine surface observation with the same as a METAR

A

SPECI

75
Q

METAR wind is a mean over what period

A

10min mean

76
Q

FEW is how many octas

A

1 - 2
Cloud base

77
Q

SCT is how many octas

A

3 - 4
Cloud base

78
Q

BKN is how many octas

A

5 - 7
Ceiling

79
Q

OVC is how many octas

A

8
Ceiling

80
Q

BECMG means?

A

conditions becoming between set time – permanent change.

81
Q

TEMPO mean?

A

Temporary fluctuations in conditions, lasting less than one hour
in each instance, in aggregate, covering less than half the TEMPO period.

82
Q

TAF:
FM means?

A

certain condition will prevail at specific time (similar to a BECMG)

83
Q

TAF:
PROB means?

A

indicates the probability that a certain change or value will occur.

84
Q

TAF may provide MAX and MIN temperature forecast. How is maximum and minimum notated on the TAF?

A

TX - max
TN - min

85
Q

Define CAVOK

A

Visibility greater or equal to 10 km and the lowest visibility is not reported, no cumulonimbus or towering cumulus, no cloud below 5000 ft or highest minimum sector altitude (MSA)( whichever is the greater) and no weather significant to aviation.

86
Q

What type of forecast would you pick up in flight?

A

VOLMET - broadcast on a schedule

87
Q

Which in-flight report is played on a loop with 5 mins for each station?

A

VOLMET

88
Q

Hadley, ferrel and polar are examples of what?

A

Cells?

89
Q

In the ISA between 11 km and 20 km altitude the temperature lapse rate could be described as what

A

Isothermal

90
Q

How would you describe the change in temperature in the stratosphere

A

Increases

XMet (10 decks)

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