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MET Kafli 15-19 > MET kafli 15-19 > Flashcards

MET kafli 15-19 Flashcards

1
Q

Ice accumulates more readily on thick/thin wings.

A

Thin

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2
Q

Freezing fog exists if fog droplets are..

A

supercooled

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3
Q

What severity of icing will you have in Alto clouds?

A

Light-moderate

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4
Q

In what temperature will you have the worst icing?

A

-15°C

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5
Q

In what clouds could you find mixed ice?

A

NS (Nimbostratus)

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6
Q

Hvað þýðir það ef þú sérð ice pellets á jörð?

A

Indication of significant icing at altitude.

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7
Q

Mediterrenean front develops in what season?

A

Winter

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8
Q

What are typical clouds of a warm sector of a depression during winter?

A

Stratus

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9
Q

Hvernig ský myndast þegar þú hefur:
A) Heit jörð og kalt loft
B) Köld jörð og heitt loft

A

A) Cumuliform clouds (kalt loft hitnar og verður unstable)

B) Stratiform clouds.

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10
Q

Where does Polar Maritime airmass come from and what are it’s characteristics?

A

North Atlantic. Kemur yfir heitara yfirborð og verður unstable. RH high, good visibility

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11
Q

Polar Continental, hvernig er stability, humidity og warmth? Hvaðan kemur það?

A

Stable cold and dry. Kemur frá Siberu. Little clouds, excellend visibility.

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12
Q

What airmass can form Polar lows?

A

Arctic

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13
Q

What is the coldest airmass?

A

Polar Continental

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14
Q

Where does the Arctic airmass come from?

A

Polar Cap

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15
Q

Hvernig er stability í Arctic airmass?

A

Extremely unstable. (Það er mjög kalt og kemur yfir heitan sjó sunnar.)

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16
Q

What airmass is the most common to affect Europe?

A

Tropical maritime

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17
Q

Hvernig eru ský í “Returning polar maritime”

A

Cloudy, Cu/Cb, unstable

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18
Q

What airmass is responsible for the highest temperatures?

A

Tropical continental

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19
Q

What airmass originates from the Southern Balkan region?

A

Tropical continental

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20
Q

How are clouds and visibility in tropical maritime airmass?

A

Low clouds, low visibility

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21
Q

Where does the Tropical Maritime originate?

A

Mid-Atlantic around the Azores.

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22
Q

Á hvaða latitude myndir þú finna Polar front depression?

A

15° - 70°

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23
Q

Frá hvaðan í vestri til austurs er “mean position of polar front”

A

Frá Florida til suðvestur Englands.

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24
Q

Hvernig visibility myndir þú hafa í týpísku sumri í Evrópu með maritime Tropical warm?

A

5-10km

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25
Q

Nefndu fjóra “semi permanent fronts”

A

Polar front, Arctic front, ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone), Mediterrenean front

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26
Q

What kinds of clouds would you find “in the middle” í cold occlusion?

A

Altocumulus. Ef þú ert með NS þá er risk of CB.

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27
Q

Hvenær árs er cold occlusion líklegt?

A

Um sumar

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28
Q

Ef þú berð saman warm occlusion og cold occlusion, hvort hefur meira rain og hvor hefur meiri gusts

A

Cold occlusion hefur meiri rain og gusts

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29
Q

Áður en cold front nær warm front og það verður occluded front þá er space á milli frontanna. Hvernig eru skýjin þar?

A

6-8 Stratocumulus og Stratus

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30
Q

Atmospheric pressure of a polar front depression is lower in winter or summer?

A

lower in winter

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31
Q

How does the wind blow in a polar front depression?

A

Parallel to isobars. Blows along the front towards the east. (In the direction of the warm sector isobars).

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32
Q

What kind of weather would you have in a area affected by the passage of a polar front depression?

A

Continuous snow and rain. Then it stops to be followed by showers of rain and snow.

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33
Q

Eru vindar að veera/backa í polar front depression í upper og svo lower level?

A

Upper: veer
lower: back

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34
Q

Hvað finnur þú á milli tveggja polar front depressions?

A

Cold temporary anti-cyclone

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35
Q

When a warm front passes over a spot surface wind backs/veers and increases/decreases. What happens to precipitation?

A

Surface wind veers and increases

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36
Q

Í polar front depression, hvernig er loftið á milli warm front og cold front?

A

mTw

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37
Q

Í polar front depression, hvernig er veðrið á milli warm front og cold front? Precipitation and clouds

A

The precipitation is light rain og drizzle and in the summer you will have fair weather cumulus and in the winter you will have low stratus clouds.

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38
Q

How much time will you have between polar front depressions?

A

1-2 days.

39
Q

Does wind veer or back when a warm front is passing?

A

veers

40
Q

After a warm front has passed, what happens to temperature in the area?

A

Gets warmer

41
Q

In a warm front, how big is the area where you can expect precipitation before the front?

A

200 - 300 NM

42
Q

What is the slope of a warm front?

A

1:150

43
Q

Why are clouds low in a warm front?

A

The low cold air (in the cold mass) gets saturated by the warm rain falling from above.)

44
Q

What type of fog could you have in a warm front?

A

Frontal fog and advection fog.

45
Q

Before a cold front arrives, what happens to pressure?

A

Pressure drops

46
Q

How are winds while a cold front passes?

A

Gusty

47
Q

What is the weather like after a cold front has passed

A

Colder, better visibility, increased pressure.

48
Q

What kind of a front is this: “cold air is being replaced by warm air”?

A

Warm front

49
Q

What cloud sequence could you see in a warm front (from the first clouds you see to the last)

A

Ci, Cs, As, Ns, St

50
Q

Rapid movement of surface fronts can be caused by upper/lower winds blowing parallel/across the front

A

Upper winds blowing across the front

51
Q

What happens to pressure when a cold front is approaching?

A

Pressure drops

52
Q

Hvað gerist fyrir vind eftir cold front?

A

It veers

53
Q

Á hvað stóru svæði er main precipitation í cold front?

A

50 - 100 NM

54
Q

Hver er hallinn á cold front?

A

1:80

55
Q

Hvað er annað nafn yfir orographic low?

A

Lee low

56
Q

Hvað getur orographic low varað lengi?

A

2 klst en jafnvel upp í nokkra daga

57
Q

In what situation will a heat low form and what is the weather like?

A

Forms over land in summer. There will be heavy precipitation, hail, turbulence, icing, wind shear, poor visibility).

58
Q

What is the low called cold air moves over warmer sea?

A

Polar low

59
Q

In what situation will a turbulence cloud form?

A

Warm maritime air blows over cold earth, it condenses and forms a fog, if there is a little bit of a wind the fog will lift and become low clouds called turbulence clouds.

60
Q

Þegar þú færð Föhn effect, ertu aðstæður stable eða unstable?

A

Stable, annars myndi loftið bara halda áfram að rísa í stað þess að fara yfir hæðina og verða heitt.

61
Q

What is the low called which often forms off the coast of Norway in winter?

A

Polar low

62
Q

How strong can Tropical revolving storm surface winds be?

A

more than 65 kts.

63
Q

what is the radius of a tropical revolving storm?

A

300 - 1500 km

64
Q

Hvað kallast tropical revolving storm í Atlantic, east pacific (USA) og hvaða tíma árs myndast þetta?

A

Hurricane, summer and autumn

65
Q

What is the most frequent and most intense Tropical revolving storm?

A

The typhoon

66
Q

Hvað kallast tropical revolving storm í Indian ocean og hvenær er þetta?

A

Cyclone, may - november

67
Q

Hvað heitir tropcical revolving storm sem myndast í western north pacific?

A

Typhoon

68
Q

On what sides of oceans do storms form?

A

Eastern

69
Q

How much % of “spiralling winds” turns into a storm?

A

10%

70
Q

On what latitude can storms appear?

A

5° - 25°

71
Q

How high must sea temperature be and how deep down, for storms to be able to appear?

A

26°C, 200-300 ft down.

72
Q

the storm follows upper/lower wind cyclones?

A

Upper

73
Q

A tropical storm has three stages, what is the windstrength like in these stages?

A
  1. tropical depression: 20-34 kts
  2. Tropical storm: 34-64 kts
  3. Fully mature hurricane: 64 kts
74
Q

Secondary depression forms on a warm/cold front and tends to move round the primary/secondary in a cyclone/anticylonic sense.

A

cold, primary, cyclonic

75
Q

What is wind strength like in the eye of a tropical revolving storm?

A

20-50km

76
Q

What is happening if the eye tightens on a tropical revolving storm?

A

Storm is intensifying.

77
Q

In a tropical revolving storm, where pressure is lowest the wind is ..

A

calmer

78
Q

How long does a tornado last?

A

It can last a few minutes up to a few hours. Typical is a few minutes to 30 minutes.

79
Q

What is the highest windstrength for a tornado ever recorded and where in the tornado was it recorded?

A

200 kts in center.

80
Q

What is the usual windstrength of a tornado?

A

20 - 40 kts.

81
Q

What is the diamter of a tornado?

A

100 m - 150 m

82
Q

At what time do tornados typically appear? When do they peak?

A

14:00 - 22:00. Peaks at 17:00.

83
Q

What is the tornado “high season” ?

A

spring and early summer.

84
Q

The West African Tornado (WAT) is a line squall caused by _____

A

atmospheric waves

85
Q

What happens to wind direction and speed after the passage of a warm front?

A

Wind veers and speed decreases.

86
Q

In central Europe, what cloud cover could you expect in the warm sector of a depression during winter?

A

St

87
Q

Between two airmasses you can see the forming of frontal ____ pressure

A

low

88
Q

When a warm front is coming what will happen to pressure and temperature? What happens after it has gone?

A

Before: pressure drops, temperature is cool.
After: Pressure rises then falls and tmeperature increases

89
Q

When a warm front is coming what will happen before to the wind and what will happen after it passes?

A

First it wall back and then when it passes it will veer (and windstrength will decrease)

90
Q

When a cold front is coming what will happen before to the pressure and then afterwards? How about temperature?

A

It will drop, then increase as it passes. Held að það sé klárlega kaldara eftir cold front.

91
Q

Arctic front er boundary á milli ___ air og ___ air.

A

polar air og arctic air.

92
Q

A stationary front has no _____ motion perpendicular to the front.

A

horizontal

93
Q

In an anti-cyclone, subsidence causes ___ air and an convergence/inversion

A

dry air, causes inversion.

94
Q

In the northern hemisphere, advection of warm air aloft indicates..

A

the coming of a warm occlusion

MET Kafli 15-19 (2 decks)

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