Mesopotamia 8

Question 1

Mesopotamia means…

Answer 1

-“land between two rivers”(Greek)
-“cradle of civilzations”(Greek)

Question 2

What two rivers is mesopotamia in between?

Answer 2

Tigris and Eupharates

Question 3

Why was land so fertile?

Answer 3

annual flooding brought silt that made the ideal land to farm

Question 4

silt

Answer 4

small particles of rich soil and tiny rocks good for growing crops

Question 5

Fertile Cresent

Answer 5

an area of rich farmland extending from the Perisan Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and into Egypt’s Nile delta

Question 6

Mesopotamia is located in present-day…

Answer 6

Iraq

Question 7

What was used to control the flow of water from the rivers?

Answer 7

canals, dikes, dams

Question 8

Irrigation

Answer 8

a way of supplying water to an area of land

Question 9

Canals

Answer 9

human-made waterways

Question 10

Surplus

Answer 10

an overbundance of food

Question 11

Most popular crops for farmers to grow

Answer 11

grain, wheat, barley ,and dates

Question 12

Sumer Civilzation

Answer 12

-developed the world’s first civilzation
-made up of city-states
-religion played a huge role
-Sumerians were polytheistic
-Ziggurats were the focal point of the city-state

Question 13

City-State

Answer 13

a political unit that consists of a walled city with rural areas of land on the outskirts of the walls

Question 14

Polytheistic

Answer 14

the belief of many gods

Question 15

Ziggurat

Answer 15

a temple tower which rose above each city and was the focal point

Question 16

Priests significance

Answer 16

they performed religious ceremonies to gain the gods favor

Question 17

City-State Characteristics

Answer 17

-large
-walls around it
-farmland outside of wall
-developed armies to protect

Question 18

Sumerians Developed

Answer 18

-wheels
-sailboats
-sanitation
-chariot
-medicine
-Number 60 system mathmatics
-roads
-cuneiform

Question 19

Wheel purpose

Answer 19

-used for carts and wagon
-plow for farming
-potter’s wheel

Question 20

Sanitatoin purpose

Answer 20

-sewer systems

Question 21

Medience purpose

Answer 21

develpoed medience for treating for wounds/illness

Question 22

Cuneiform

Answer 22

-use symbols called pictographs
-they used clay tablets and a stylus

Question 23

Scribes

Answer 23

writers, who kept track of items people traded and wrote down government records.

Question 24

Epics

Answer 24

long poems that tell the stories of heroes

Question 25

Social Hierarchy

Answer 25

society is ranked by class

Question 26

Order of social hierarchy

Answer 26

1. Kings
2. Priests/ Military Commanders
3. Merchants, Artisans, Traders (Skilled Workers)
4. Farmers (Unskilled workers)
5. Slaves (Conquered People)

Question 27

Akkad Empire

Answer 27

-Sagron broke the peace between Sumer and Akkad by attmepting to extend Akkadian territory. He built a new capital and conquered all Sumerian city-states. He established the world’s first empire, which stretched from Persian Gulf to Mediteranean Sea.
-developed their own language to unfiy land
-eventually fell b/c future kings could not maintain control of such a large area of land

Question 28

Military tactics

Answer 28

tight battle foramtions using a row a sheilds in front of a row of spears

Question 29

Babylon

Answer 29

-laws were based on the authority of the king and the gods.

Question 30

Hammurabi

Answer 30

Babylonian king who unfied his empire by creating a uniform, written code of laws

Question 31

Hammurabi’s Code

Answer 31

282 laws uesd to maintain order- laws ranged on everything from trade,loans, and theft to marriage, injury, and murder- specific crimes had specific penalties.

Question 32

Assyria

Answer 32

-extended their empire througout the entire Fertile Cresent
-used horses and iron weapons in battle
-utilized siege warfare
-created the first aqueducts that brought fresh drinking water from 30 miles away

Question 33

Siege warfare

Answer 33

a strategy in which army soldiers ram to break walls and moveable towers to climb over walls

Question 34

Neo-Babylon

Answer 34

-King Nebuchadnezzar regained control of Mesopotamia after the Assyrian empire fell.
-took control of land outside Mesopotamia, namely Syria and Canaan (present day Israel& home of the Jews)
-restored the city of Babylon that was destroyed by the Assryians
-

Question 35

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Answer 35

-no physical evidence of the Gardens
-possibly a Hanging Garden in the Assyrian capital of Nineveh
-1 of the 7 ancient wonders of the world
-decorated palace with gardens planted on rooftops and tall terraces to make it look like the city was built into a mountian side

Question 36

Phoenicia

Answer 36

-skilled seafarers sailed at night over open ocean using the North Star (avoided being robbed and helped dominate trade routes at sea)
-colonized islands and terriories throughtout the Mediterreanean like Greece,Italy, and North Africa
-Spread their culture and the alphabet (22 letters) throughout the Mediterranean- led to the development of many modern languages

Question 37

Culture

Answer 37

-belifs, traditions, customs and social structures shared by a specific group of people
-Language, religion, holidays, customs, traditions, food, clothing, architecture, laws, education

Question 38

Civilzation

Answer 38

an advanced, complex society
-governemnt, system of writing, humanities, economy, urbanization, specialization