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IDIT > Mesa > Flashcards

Mesa Flashcards

1
Q

3 outcomes of acute inflammation

A

resolution
scar
chronic inflammation

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2
Q

first step in inflammation

A

vasodilation

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3
Q

vasodilation –>

A

increased vascular permeability

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4
Q

increased vascular permeability –>

A

leakage of exudate

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5
Q

leakage of exudate –>

A

margination, rolling, adhesion

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6
Q

margination, rolling, adhesion –>

A

transmigration/diapedesis

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7
Q

transmigration/diapedesis –>

A

chemotaxis

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8
Q

chemotaxis –>

A

PMN activation

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9
Q

PMN activation –>

A

phagocytosis

- recognition, attachment, engulfment, killing (degradation and digestion)

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10
Q

phagocytosis –>

A

termination

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11
Q

main cell in acute inflammation

A

neutrophil/polymorphonuclear leukocyte/PMN

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12
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
rubor
calor
tumor
dolor
functio laesa
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13
Q

leukocyte activation means

A

produce eicosanoids (part of cell membranes: prosaglanding/thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins)
undergo degranulation
secrete cytokines

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14
Q

histamine from

A

mast cells and basophils

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15
Q

histamine function

A

powerful vasodilator

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16
Q

serotonin from

A

platelets and enterochromaffin cells

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17
Q

serotinin function

A

vasodilation

evokes NO synthase from arginine

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18
Q

bradykinin

A

from circulating plasma

increase permeability, non vascular smooth muscle contration (bronchail), PAIN

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19
Q

prostaglandins produce

A

pain
fever
clotting

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20
Q

leukotrienes function

A

chemotaxis
vasoconstriction
increased permeability

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21
Q

lipoxins function

A

inhibit chemotaxis
vasodilation
counteract leukotrienes

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22
Q

PAF

A

platelet activating factor
from many cells
active platelets
vasoconstrict/bronchoconstrict

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23
Q

chemokines are

A

small proteins which are attractants for PMNs

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24
Q

cytokines are

A

proteins produced primarily by lymphocytes and macrophages, mediate inflammatory and immune reactions

25
Q

nitric oxide is a

A

vasodilator

26
Q

cells of chronic inflammation

A

lymphocytes and macrophages

27
Q

causes of caseating granulomas

A

mycobacteria, syphilis, some fungi

28
Q

causes of non-caseating granulomas

A

sarcoidosis, leprosy, Crohn’s

29
Q

differentiation is key concept in

A

neoplasia
gain of specialization, loss of versatility
unidrectional

30
Q

EGF made in

A

platelets and macrophages

31
Q

EGF present in

A

saliva, milk, urine, plasma

32
Q

EGF acts on

A

keratinocytes to migrate/divide

fibroblasts to produce granulation tissue

33
Q

TGF - alpha made in

A

macrophages, T-cells, keratinocytes

34
Q

TGF - alpha effects

A

similar to EGF

also effect hepatocytes

35
Q

HGF made in

A

mesenchymal cells

36
Q

VEGF made in

A

mesenchymal cells

37
Q

VEGF triggered by

A

hypoxia

38
Q

VEGF functions

A

increases vascular permeability
mitogenic for endothelial cells
key in promoting granulation tissue

39
Q

PDGF made in

A

platelets and may other cell types

40
Q

PDGF function

A

chemotactic for many cells
mitogen for fibroblasts
angiogenesis
key player in granulation tissue

41
Q

FGF made in

A

many cell

42
Q

FGF functions

A

chemotactic and mitogenic for fiibroblasts and keratinocytes
re-epithelialization
angiogensis,wound contraction
hematopoiesis

43
Q

TGF-beta made in

A

many cells including macrophages

44
Q

TGF-beta functions

A

stimulates migration/proliferation of fibroblasts
increases collagen synthesis
contraction of scar
limit and terminate inflammatory responses

45
Q

KGF made in

A

fibroblasts

46
Q

KGF function

A

stimulates keratinocyte migration, proliferation, differentiation

47
Q

IGF made in

A

macrophages, fibroblasts

48
Q

IGF stimulates

A

sulfated proteoglycans
collagen
keratinocyte migration
fibroblast proliferation

action similar to GH

49
Q

TNF made in

A

macrophages, mast cells, T cells

50
Q

TNF functions

A

activates macrophages (cachexin)
key influence on other cytokines
major TNF in TNFa

51
Q

interleukins made in

A

macrophages, mast cells, T cells and many other cells

52
Q

interleukin function

A

chemotaxis
angiogenesis
regulation of other cytokines

53
Q

interferons made in

A

macrophages, fibroblasts

54
Q

interferon functions

A

active macrophages
inhibit fibroblasts
regulate other cytokines
trigger defense mechanisms

55
Q

collagen one

A

bONE

56
Q

collagen two

A

carTWOlage

57
Q

collagen three

A

reTHREEculate (reticular fibers)

58
Q

collagen four

A

FLOOR

forms basement membrane (important in kidney)

59
Q

angiogenesis stimulated/regulated by

A

VEGF

IDIT (3 decks)

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