Mental Imagery and Attention Flashcards

1
Q

What configuration type is quickest to recognise for geometric conditions?

A

Same configuration

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2
Q

What configuration type is quickest to recognise for verbal conditions?

A

Linear configuration

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3
Q

What is change blindness?

A

the inability to notice (salient) changes in a visual scene

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4
Q

What is boundary extension?

A

when we memorise a visual scene, a wider angle view of the scene tends to be stored in memory

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5
Q

What are the two types of representations that form when we perceive a visual scene?

A
  • Representation of the meaning of the scene
  • Representation of surface properties of the scene (visual details, color, etc.)
  • The meaning (or the gist) of the scene is very well represented
  • The surface properties are not
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6
Q

What is attention?

A

it is necessary to select important pieces of information for further processing as we often receive more information than we can process.

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7
Q

what is attentional selection?

A

There should be a point in the path from sensation to action at which people cannot process all the information in parallel (attentional “bottleneck”)

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8
Q

What are the early-selection theories?

A

The filter theory and the attenuation theory

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9
Q

What is the early selection filter theory?

A

Only some of the sensory information is selected for further processing
attended inputs were remembered but unattended inputs were not, however the non-semantic aspects of the message are remembered

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10
Q

What is the early-selection theory of the attentuation theory?

A

saliance of unattented stimuli is reduced but they are not filtered out entirely
Input - perceptual filter - analysis of verbal content - selection and organisation of response - responses

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11
Q

What is the late selection theory?

A

the filter occure after the perceptual stimulus has undergone analysis for its semantic content

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12
Q

What are the types of attention?

A

voluntary vs reflexive

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13
Q

What is voluntary attention?

A

top-down, goal-directed
- focus of attention is usually the same as the focus of the eyes

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14
Q

What is reflective attention?

A

bottom-up, stimulus-driven
- Similar processing enhancement is observed when reflexive cues are used
* When more time passes between a reflexive cue and a target, response to the target becomes slower
* The reflexive attention system has built-in mechanisms to prevent reflexively directed attention from being stuck at a location for too long (inhibition of return)

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15
Q

What is the feature integration theory?

A
  • People must focus attention on a stimulus before they can synthesise its features into a pattern
  • In essence, attention works as glue with which various features are combined into an object
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16
Q

What was found in the stroop test?

A

colour naming had a longer reaction time than word reading