Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ISCI 350 > Mental Illness > Flashcards

Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

what region of the brain mainly increased

A
  • neocortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how did the brain evolve to be so big (2)

A
  • mutations created genetic variation and phenotypic variation
  • selection on variation and response to selection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the phrase: “genes for ____” mean

A
  • genetic variation within these genes cause variation in phenotype
  • NS can select for a certain phenotype within the variation of the phenotype produced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normal expression of genes for brain size

A
  • usual size of brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reduced expression of genes for brain size

A
  • microcephaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

increased expression of genes for brain size

A

macrocephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why did the human brain evolve to be so big

A
  • larger social group size -> increased neocortex size in primates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

social selective pressures

A
  • produced the social brain: distributed integrated neural system for acquiring, processing and deploying social information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

conceptual ideas of the social brain (4)

A
  • self has logic and emotion
  • emotion and logic create speech and contribute to goal pursuit
  • speech can be used for goal pursuit to maximize fitness
  • speech can be used to converse with others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the components of the social brain (6)

A
  • language
  • sense of self
  • mentalistic skill (thinking about what others are thinking
  • social emotionality (pride, guilt, embarassment)
  • logical and analytic skill
  • complex, regulated goal pursuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

large scale variation: under-development of language

A
  • no speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

large scale variation: under-development of sense of self

A
  • reduced sense of self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

large scale variation: under-development of mentalistic skill

A
  • low mentalistic skill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

large scale variation: under-development of social emotionality

A
  • basic emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

large scale variation: under-development of logical and analytical skill

A
  • mechanical logic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

large scale variation: under-development of complex, regulated goal pursuit

A
  • no goal pursuit
17
Q

large scale variation: under-development

- result

A
  • typically results in autism
18
Q

autism

A

defined by specific deficits in:

  • social reciprocity
  • language
  • restricted interests, stereotypical behaviour
19
Q

large scale variation: over-development of language

A
  • auditory hallucinations: common among humans
20
Q

large scale variation: over-development of sense of self

A
  • megalomania: belief that oneself is famous, rich, etc
21
Q

large scale variation: over-development of mentalistic self

A
  • paranoia and social delusions: believe people are plotting against us
22
Q

psychosis (2)

A
  • due to over-development of language, sense of self, and mentalistic skill
  • auditory hallucinations, megalomania, paranoia and social delusion
23
Q

large scale variation: over-development of social emotionality

A
  • depression or elation
24
Q

large scale variation: over-development of logical, analytical skill

A
  • thought disorder: thought and speech become chaotic with loose association between speech & thoughts
25
Q

large scale variation: over-development of complex, regulated goal pursuit

A
  • mania: extremely energetic and major goal pursuit of sex and money
26
Q

schizophrenia (5)

A
  • hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, thought disorder, dysregulated mood
27
Q

bipolar disorder (3)

A
  • mania, depression, psychosis
28
Q

major depression (2)

A
  • depression and psychosis
29
Q

schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression

A
  • three conditions share phenotypes, genetic risks factors, and some neurological, physiological correlates
30
Q

collection of genes for social brain disorders (schizophrenia and autism) (2)

A
  1. most case are polygenic: cumulative, small effects of many, common alleles across many loci
  2. some cases: few rare alleles of large effect and a single loci
31
Q

how did the human brain evolve to be so social and implications for schizophrenia (2)

A
  • series of genetic changes (mutations) that were strongly selection for led to evolution of alleles for more-complex sociality
  • selection of alleles for schizophrenia were also selected for and schizophrenia may be due to having too many social alleles
32
Q

copy number variation

A
  • deletions and duplications of genomic regions
33
Q

autistic-psychotic continuum

A
  • autistic spectrum to balanced to psychotic spectrum
  • autism is characterized by more mechanistic cognition
  • schizophrenia is characterized by more mentalistic cognition
34
Q

how can Darwin help (3)

A
  • defines large research program
  • provides evolutionary framework for therapy
  • provides evolutionary framework for pharmacological treatment

ISCI 350 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions