Mental Illness

Question 1

Define social cognition or intelligence.

Answer 1

A theory of personality that refers to the expertise people bring to their experience of life tasks.

Question 2

Define executive function.

Answer 2

A set of organizational and regulatory cognitive functions that allow goal directed behavior, including attention, abstract thinking, self-control, and stimulus monitoring.

Question 3

Define severe mental illness.

Answer 3

Defined legally as including schizophrenia, paranoia, bipolar spectrum disorders, and MDDs.

Question 4

Define mood disorder

Answer 4

A mood disturbance such as severe depression or depression alternating with mania.

Question 5

Define mood.

Answer 5

The patient’s self-report of the prevailing emotional state, reflecting the patient’s life situation

Question 6

Define affect.

Answer 6

The patient’s prevailing emotional tone as observed by the clinician during the interview

Question 7

Define depression.

Answer 7

An abnormal extension or overelaboration of sadness and grief

Question 8

Define mania.

Answer 8

Characterized by an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood

Question 9

Define anxiety.

Answer 9

A diffuse, vague apprehension associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness; emotion has no specific object

Question 10

Define panic attack.

Answer 10

A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which at least 4 of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes: tachycardia, sweating, trembling, SOB, choking, angina, nausea, lightheadedness, feelings of unreality or detachment from self, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, chills, or hot flashes.

Question 11

Define phobia.

Answer 11

A persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that is excessive and unreasonable given the reality of the threat

Question 12

Define somatoform disorder.

Answer 12

A group of symptoms without any somatic impairment

Question 13

Define somatization disorder.

Answer 13

The person has many physical complaints.

Question 14

Define conversion disorder.

Answer 14

A disorder in which a loss or alteration of physical functioning occurs.

Question 15

Define hypochondriasis.

Answer 15

Somatic over concern with details of body functioning

Question 16

Define body dysmorphic disorder.

Answer 16

A person with a normal appearance is concerned about having a physical defect.

Question 17

Define pain disorder.

Answer 17

Psychological factors play an important role in the onset, severity, and maintenance of the pain.

Question 18

Define schizophrenia.

Answer 18

A serious, persistent brain disease that results in psychotic behaviors, concrete thinking, and difficulties in information processing, interpersonal relationships, and problem solving

Question 19

Define schizoaffective disorder.

Answer 19

Including both affective and schizophrenic symptoms such that the condition qualifies as a separate condition from schizophrenia, depression, and mania.

Question 20

Define dementia.

Answer 20

A typically chronic, slowly progressive collection of symptoms demonstrating impaired memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement with frequent deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation

Question 21

Define delirium.

Answer 21

A nonspecific cerebral organic syndrome including simultaneous impairments in consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behavior, emotion, and the sleep wake schedule that fluctuate over hours to days

Question 22

Define personality disorder.

Answer 22

Enduring, inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of behavior that are severe enough to cause either dysfunctional behavior or profound distress.

Question 23

Define paranoid.

Answer 23

Marked by excessive sensitivity to setbacks, unforgiveness of insults, suspiciousness, a tendency to distort experience, and a combative and tenacious sense of personal rights

Question 24

Define schizoid.

Answer 24

Marked by a withdrawal from affectional, social, and other contacts, with preference for fantasy, solitary activities, and introspection; the person is not able to express feelings (alexithymia) or experience joy (anhedonia)

Question 25

Define schizotypal.

Answer 25

Marked by a lack of schizophrenic disturbances but with eccentric behavior and anomalies of thinking and affect which resemble those seen in schizophrenia

Question 26

Define antisocial.

Answer 26

Marked by a disregard for social obligations, a low tolerance to frustration, and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, including violence and a tendency to blame others

Question 27

Define borderline.

Answer 27

Marked by impulsive actions, as well as disturbances in self-image, aims, and internal preferences, by intense and unstable interpersonal relationships, and by a tendency to self-destructive behavior

Question 28

Define histrionic.

Answer 28

Marked by self-dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated expression of emotions, suggestibility, egocentricity, self-indulgence, and lack of consideration for others; will crave appreciation, excitement, and attention

Question 29

Define narcissistic.

Answer 29

Marked by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, an exhibitionistic need for attention and admiration, feelings of entitlement and envy, lack of empathy, and exploitation of others while disregarding their rights and feelings

Question 30

Define avoidant.

Answer 30

Marked by tension and apprehension, insecurity, and inferiority and a hypersensitivity to rejection and criticism

Question 31

Define dependent.

Answer 31

Marked by pervasive passive reliance on other people to make major and minor life decisions, great fear of abandonment, feelings of helplessness, and passive compliance with the wishes of elders and others

Question 32

Define obsessive-compulsive.

Answer 32

Marked by personal insecurity and doubt leading to excessive conscientiousness, stubbornness, cautions, and rigidity, but not severe enough to be diagnosed as OCD

Question 33

Define hallucination.

Answer 33

False sensory impressions or experiences

Question 34

Define illusions.

Answer 34

False perceptions or false responses to a sensory stimulus

Question 35

Define thought content.

Answer 35

The specific meaning expressed in the patient’s communication.

Question 36

Define delusion.

Answer 36

A false belief that is firmly maintained even though it is not shared by others and contradicted by social reality

Question 37

Define grandiose.

Answer 37

Exaggerated notions of capacities, possessions, and esteem which in delusional form are associated with mania, schizophrenia, and cerebral organic psychoses

Question 38

Define paranoid.

Answer 38

Where the patient is consumed by themes including persecution, love, hate, envy, jealousy, honor, litigation, grandeur, and the supernatural

Question 39

Define thought broadcasting.

Answer 39

The experience that one’s thoughts are somehow immediately shared with other people or otherwise made public knowledge.

Question 40

Define thought insertion or withdrawal.

Answer 40

The individual’s experience of thoughts recognized as alien intruding into his or her mental processes, his or her own thoughts being taken away, or otherwise appropriated by an external agency.

Question 41

Define depersonalization.

Answer 41

A feeling of having lost self-identity

Question 42

Define ideas of reference.

Answer 42

Incorrect interpretation of causal incidents as having direct personal references.

Question 43

Define magical thinking.

Answer 43

Belief that thinking equates with doing.

Question 44

Define nihilistic ideas.

Answer 44

Thoughts of nonexistence and hopelessness

Question 45

Define obsession.

Answer 45

Especially in anxiety disorders, an idea, emotion, or impulse that repetitively and insistently forces itself into consciousness, although it is unwelcome

Question 46

Define phobia.

Answer 46

Especially in anxiety disorders, a morbid fear associated with extreme anxiety

Question 47

Define thought process.

Answer 47

The how of the patient’s self-expression observed through speech.

Question 48

Define circumstantial.

Answer 48

With excessive and unnecessary detail that is usually relevant to a question

Question 49

Define flight of ideas.

Answer 49

A rapid shifting from one topic to another and fragmented ideas

Question 50

Define loose associations.

Answer 50

Lack of a logical relationship between thoughts and ideas

Question 51

Define neologisms.

Answer 51

New word or words created by the patient, often a blend of other words

Question 52

Define perseveration.

Answer 52

Involuntary, excessive continuation, or repetition of a single response, idea, or activity

Question 53

Define tangential.

Answer 53

Similar to circumstantial, but the patient never returns to the central point and never answers the original question

Question 54

Define thought blocking.

Answer 54

A sudden stopping in the train of thought or in the midst of a sentence.

Question 55

Define word salad.

Answer 55

A series of words that seem completely unrelated.

Question 56

List some negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 56

Alexithymia, apathy, anhedonia, avolition, alogia.

Question 57

Define alexithymia.

Answer 57

Difficulty naming and describing emotions.

Question 58

Define apathy.

Answer 58

Lack of feelings, emotions, interest, or concern.

Question 59

Define anhedonia.

Answer 59

Also in depression, the inability or decreased ability to experience pleasure, joy, intimacy, and closeness.

Question 60

Define avolition.

Answer 60

Lack of motivation, initiative, interest, and engagement in goal-oriented behaviors.

Question 61

Define alogia.

Answer 61

Lack of normal flow and quantity of speech during conversation.

Question 62

List some movement symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 62

Tardive dyskinesia, catatonia, stereotypic movement disorder, waxy flexibility, and echopraxia.

Question 63

Define tardive dyskinesia.

Answer 63

A side effect of many antipsychotic drugs after prolonged use, marked by abnormal, involuntary, slow, irregular movements of the tongue, lips, mouth, and trunk, and by choreoathetoid movements of the extremities; remission ranges from 5% to 90% depending on the severity of the initial dyskinesia.

Question 64

Define catatonia.

Answer 64

A range of abnormal movement patterns including stereotypic movements, echopraxia, and impulsive movements, movement may be increased, decreased, or absent

Question 65

Define stereotypic movement disorder.

Answer 65

Marked by voluntary, repetitive, stereotyped, nonfunctional movements that do not form part of any recognized psychiatric or neurologic condition including body rocking, head rocking, hair plucking, and hand flapping, and head banging, face slapping, or eye poking.

Question 66

Define waxy flexbility.

Answer 66

In schizophrenia with catatonia, the tendency of a person to stay in the posture placed by another, without initiating movement him/herself.

Question 67

Define echopraxia.

Answer 67

A pathologic imitation of the movements or gestures of another, usually semi-automatic in nature.