Mental Illness Flashcards
Define social cognition or intelligence.
A theory of personality that refers to the expertise people bring to their experience of life tasks.
Define executive function.
A set of organizational and regulatory cognitive functions that allow goal directed behavior, including attention, abstract thinking, self-control, and stimulus monitoring.
Define severe mental illness.
Defined legally as including schizophrenia, paranoia, bipolar spectrum disorders, and MDDs.
Define mood disorder
A mood disturbance such as severe depression or depression alternating with mania.
Define mood.
The patient’s self-report of the prevailing emotional state, reflecting the patient’s life situation
Define affect.
The patient’s prevailing emotional tone as observed by the clinician during the interview
Define depression.
An abnormal extension or overelaboration of sadness and grief
Define mania.
Characterized by an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
Define anxiety.
A diffuse, vague apprehension associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness; emotion has no specific object
Define panic attack.
A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which at least 4 of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes: tachycardia, sweating, trembling, SOB, choking, angina, nausea, lightheadedness, feelings of unreality or detachment from self, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias, chills, or hot flashes.
Define phobia.
A persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that is excessive and unreasonable given the reality of the threat
Define somatoform disorder.
A group of symptoms without any somatic impairment
Define somatization disorder.
The person has many physical complaints.
Define conversion disorder.
A disorder in which a loss or alteration of physical functioning occurs.
Define hypochondriasis.
Somatic over concern with details of body functioning
Define body dysmorphic disorder.
A person with a normal appearance is concerned about having a physical defect.
Define pain disorder.
Psychological factors play an important role in the onset, severity, and maintenance of the pain.
Define schizophrenia.
A serious, persistent brain disease that results in psychotic behaviors, concrete thinking, and difficulties in information processing, interpersonal relationships, and problem solving
Define schizoaffective disorder.
Including both affective and schizophrenic symptoms such that the condition qualifies as a separate condition from schizophrenia, depression, and mania.
Define dementia.
A typically chronic, slowly progressive collection of symptoms demonstrating impaired memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement with frequent deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation
Define delirium.
A nonspecific cerebral organic syndrome including simultaneous impairments in consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behavior, emotion, and the sleep wake schedule that fluctuate over hours to days
Define personality disorder.
Enduring, inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of behavior that are severe enough to cause either dysfunctional behavior or profound distress.
Define paranoid.
Marked by excessive sensitivity to setbacks, unforgiveness of insults, suspiciousness, a tendency to distort experience, and a combative and tenacious sense of personal rights
Define schizoid.
Marked by a withdrawal from affectional, social, and other contacts, with preference for fantasy, solitary activities, and introspection; the person is not able to express feelings (alexithymia) or experience joy (anhedonia)
Define schizotypal.
Marked by a lack of schizophrenic disturbances but with eccentric behavior and anomalies of thinking and affect which resemble those seen in schizophrenia
Define antisocial.
Marked by a disregard for social obligations, a low tolerance to frustration, and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, including violence and a tendency to blame others
Define borderline.
Marked by impulsive actions, as well as disturbances in self-image, aims, and internal preferences, by intense and unstable interpersonal relationships, and by a tendency to self-destructive behavior
Define histrionic.
Marked by self-dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated expression of emotions, suggestibility, egocentricity, self-indulgence, and lack of consideration for others; will crave appreciation, excitement, and attention
Define narcissistic.
Marked by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, an exhibitionistic need for attention and admiration, feelings of entitlement and envy, lack of empathy, and exploitation of others while disregarding their rights and feelings
Define avoidant.
Marked by tension and apprehension, insecurity, and inferiority and a hypersensitivity to rejection and criticism
Define dependent.
Marked by pervasive passive reliance on other people to make major and minor life decisions, great fear of abandonment, feelings of helplessness, and passive compliance with the wishes of elders and others
Define obsessive-compulsive.
Marked by personal insecurity and doubt leading to excessive conscientiousness, stubbornness, cautions, and rigidity, but not severe enough to be diagnosed as OCD
Define hallucination.
False sensory impressions or experiences
Define illusions.
False perceptions or false responses to a sensory stimulus
Define thought content.
The specific meaning expressed in the patient’s communication.
Define delusion.
A false belief that is firmly maintained even though it is not shared by others and contradicted by social reality
Define grandiose.
Exaggerated notions of capacities, possessions, and esteem which in delusional form are associated with mania, schizophrenia, and cerebral organic psychoses
Define paranoid.
Where the patient is consumed by themes including persecution, love, hate, envy, jealousy, honor, litigation, grandeur, and the supernatural
Define thought broadcasting.
The experience that one’s thoughts are somehow immediately shared with other people or otherwise made public knowledge.
Define thought insertion or withdrawal.
The individual’s experience of thoughts recognized as alien intruding into his or her mental processes, his or her own thoughts being taken away, or otherwise appropriated by an external agency.
Define depersonalization.
A feeling of having lost self-identity
Define ideas of reference.
Incorrect interpretation of causal incidents as having direct personal references.
Define magical thinking.
Belief that thinking equates with doing.
Define nihilistic ideas.
Thoughts of nonexistence and hopelessness
Define obsession.
Especially in anxiety disorders, an idea, emotion, or impulse that repetitively and insistently forces itself into consciousness, although it is unwelcome
Define phobia.
Especially in anxiety disorders, a morbid fear associated with extreme anxiety
Define thought process.
The how of the patient’s self-expression observed through speech.
Define circumstantial.
With excessive and unnecessary detail that is usually relevant to a question
Define flight of ideas.
A rapid shifting from one topic to another and fragmented ideas
Define loose associations.
Lack of a logical relationship between thoughts and ideas
Define neologisms.
New word or words created by the patient, often a blend of other words
Define perseveration.
Involuntary, excessive continuation, or repetition of a single response, idea, or activity
Define tangential.
Similar to circumstantial, but the patient never returns to the central point and never answers the original question
Define thought blocking.
A sudden stopping in the train of thought or in the midst of a sentence.
Define word salad.
A series of words that seem completely unrelated.
List some negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Alexithymia, apathy, anhedonia, avolition, alogia.
Define alexithymia.
Difficulty naming and describing emotions.
Define apathy.
Lack of feelings, emotions, interest, or concern.
Define anhedonia.
Also in depression, the inability or decreased ability to experience pleasure, joy, intimacy, and closeness.
Define avolition.
Lack of motivation, initiative, interest, and engagement in goal-oriented behaviors.
Define alogia.
Lack of normal flow and quantity of speech during conversation.
List some movement symptoms of schizophrenia.
Tardive dyskinesia, catatonia, stereotypic movement disorder, waxy flexibility, and echopraxia.
Define tardive dyskinesia.
A side effect of many antipsychotic drugs after prolonged use, marked by abnormal, involuntary, slow, irregular movements of the tongue, lips, mouth, and trunk, and by choreoathetoid movements of the extremities; remission ranges from 5% to 90% depending on the severity of the initial dyskinesia.
Define catatonia.
A range of abnormal movement patterns including stereotypic movements, echopraxia, and impulsive movements, movement may be increased, decreased, or absent
Define stereotypic movement disorder.
Marked by voluntary, repetitive, stereotyped, nonfunctional movements that do not form part of any recognized psychiatric or neurologic condition including body rocking, head rocking, hair plucking, and hand flapping, and head banging, face slapping, or eye poking.
Define waxy flexbility.
In schizophrenia with catatonia, the tendency of a person to stay in the posture placed by another, without initiating movement him/herself.
Define echopraxia.
A pathologic imitation of the movements or gestures of another, usually semi-automatic in nature.
