Disability and Coping Flashcards
Define denial/minimization as a defense mechanism.
Refusal/inability to acknowledge that which has happened or will happen. Protects individual from having to face unpleasant thoughts and feelings.
Define fantasizing as a defense mechanism.
Working out problems, dreaming of what could be, picturing situations with different people. Total escape from reality.
Define repression/suppression as a defense mechanism.
Primary defense mechanism b/c it is the foundation of others that are more complex; negative experiences, thoughts, feelings, and actions are rejected from consciousness, disregarded.
Is suppression conscious or subconscious?
Conscious
Is repression conscious or subconscious?
Subconscious
Define rationalization as a defense mechanism.
Acceptance, though inaccurate, reasons place real ones. Faulty logic can be used to justify behavior or temper disappointment. The grapes are probably sour anyway.
Define projection as a defense mechanism.
Shifting responsibility to others- put positive or negative traits onto others.
Define reaction formation as a defense mechanism.
Forming the opposite reaction to what you actually feel.
Acting obsessively nice rather than showing irritation.
Define displacement of emotions as a defense mechanism.
Person shifts a symbolic meaning, emotion, thought, or impulse from something or someone for which it was directed to another person or thing.
Teenager being demeaned at home kicks the dog or bullies at school- sometimes feelings are turned inward.
Define sublimation as a defense mechanism.
Redirects inappropriate thoughts, actions into acceptable ones.
Define emotional insulation as a defense mechanism.
Individual becomes a passive recipient to “whatever life has to offer” and isolates themselves from others.
Define withdrawal as a defense mechanism.
Form of isolation that occurs when individual avoids people/situations that may trigger anxiety producing effects.
Define intellectualization as a defense mechanism.
Person evades a painful or threatening situation by rationalizing the situation. Removing emotion and feeling.
Define atonement/undoing as a defense mechanism.
Used to nullify wrongdoings or inappropriate impulses, behaviors, or thoughts.
Asking forgiveness, apologizing, being punished.
Define acting out as a defense mechanism.
React w/ radical physical behavior.
Define regression as a defense mechanism.
Using a response one has already outgrown.
Define compensation as a defense mechanism.
Emphasizing one’s strengths.
Define identification as a defense mechanism.
Person identifies with an entity or individual which boosts their self-esteem.
Define introjection as a defense mechanism.
Integrates another’s standards and values, even if those were not ones you previously held.
If you can’t beat them, join them.
Define dissociation as a defense mechanism.
Person disengages from time and place to avoid painful thoughts.
Define compartmentalization as a defense mechanism.
Certain aspects of a person are disconnected from other behaviors and values.
How might denial be portrayed in a patient?
Minimizing the severity of the situation.
Unrealistic optimism and hope.
Exaggerated self-image.
Underestimation of condition’s seriousness.
Maintenance of improbable future goals and plans.
Feelings of indifference, inappropriate cheerfulness.
Delays in seeking tx.
Refusing to comply w/ medical advice.
Refusal to participate in rehab.
Refusal to associate w/ other people exhibiting similar sx and medical conditions.
Are there benefits to denial?
It permits time for the individual to adjust to the situation, but tends to be counterproductive.
What is the social model of disability?
Says that the problem with the disability lies in society’s views and the barriers they place on the individual.
What is the medical model of disability?
Says that the disability is the individual’s problem and that it needs to be fixed.
What are the stages of the Integrative Theory of Bereavement?
- Shock
- Awareness of loss
- Conservation and withdrawal
- Healing
- Renewal
What is shock in the ITB?
Respond to loss with disbelief, numb.
What is awareness of loss in the ITB?
Reality begins to set in.
What is conservation and withdrawal in the ITB?
Period of avoiding tasks and conserving resources, isolation.
What is healing in the ITB?
Adjusting to the new reality, realization of self-enjoyment can trigger feelings of guilt.
What is renewal in the ITB?
Reaching resolution of grief, emerging engaged in life.
What is cognitive reframing?
Alters the way fears or concerns are perceived.
Helps put meaning to the loss, may make it positive.
Define coping.
How we adapt to change and/or stressors.
What is appraisal-focused coping?
Helps the person seek meaning behind the experience to shed a more positive light.
What are adaptive techniques for appraisal-focused coping?
Examining, reframing, spirituality, meditation, painting, dancing, long walks.
What are maladaptive techniques for appraisal-focused coping?
Denial, avoidance, blaming others, blaming God, harmful beliefs about oneself, fanaticism, excessive behaviors.
What is problem-focused coping?
Emphasizes practical aspects of a situation and strategies involve problem solving. Desire to control what we can. What’s the solution to the problem?
What are adaptive techniques for problem-focused coping?
Information gathering, questioning, problem solving, writing, helping others, doing, adherence.
What are maladaptive techniques for problem-focused coping?
Intellectualization, avoidance, excessive behavior, non-adherence.
What is emotion-focused coping?
Involves managing emotions related to a critical situation that may be overwhelming. Can use humor to relieve feelings of frustration and stress.
Includes: resigned acceptance, affective regulation, and emotional discharge.
What are adaptive techniques for emotion-focused coping?
Early denial, expressing emotion, social support systems, counseling, companionship.
What are maladaptive techniques for emotion-focused coping?
Continued denial, drinking/drug abuse, self-injury, suicide, promiscuity, isolation.
What is resigned acceptance?
Realizing that it is what it is. Acknowledging reality.
What is affective regulation?
Person is trained to control and manage their emotions in the face of a crisis.
What is emotional discharge?
Release of unexpressed feelings.
