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NURS level 3 > Mental health test 1 > Flashcards

Mental health test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A _____________ is a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters.

A

community

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2
Q

primary prevention

A

Prevention of initial occurrence of disease or injury; examples: family planning education, providing immunizations.

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3
Q

tertiary prevention

A

Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation); examples: exercise programming for a patient with hypertension, case management for a client with a chronic illness.

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4
Q

SECONDARY PREVENTION

A

Early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects; examples: screening for breast cancer, screening for hypertension

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5
Q

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), _____________ is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

A

health

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6
Q

True or False: The difference between a community and a population is that a population is made up of people who do not necessarily interact with one another and do not necessarily share a sense of belonging to that group.

A

True

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7
Q

health indicators

A

describes the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a community’s health? Examples include mortality rates, disease prevalence, and levels of tobacco use.

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8
Q

population health

A

Uses an outcome-driven approach to “manage” health for a specific group of individuals. Interventions involve the tracking and measurement of “health status indicators” (e.g., high blood pressure) within these groups.

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9
Q

public health

A

Promotes and protects the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play. Goal is to prevent people from getting sick or injured in the first place.

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10
Q

community health

A

Rooted in the collective efforts of individuals and organizations who work to promote health within a geographically or culturally defined group.

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11
Q

policy development

A

Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.

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12
Q

assurance

A

Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and insure safety. Assure a competent public health and personal health care work force.

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13
Q

assessment

A

Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.

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14
Q

three core functions of public health

A

assessment, assurance, and policy development

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15
Q

A ________________ may be defined geographically, such as all the people occupying an area, or it may be defined by common qualities or characteristics. It is made up of individuals who do not necessarily interact with one another and do not necessarily share a sense of belonging to that group.

A

population

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16
Q

geographic community

A

defined by its boundaries. examples include: city, town, neighborhood

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17
Q

common-interest community

A

identified by common goal. example includes: members of a church or families who have lost someone to suicide

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18
Q

community of solution

A

a group of people who come together to solve a problem that affects all of them. example: group of county agencies

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19
Q

Formative Evaluation

A

focuses of the process during the actual intervention

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20
Q

Summative Evaluation

A

focuses on the outcome of the intervention

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21
Q

Normal line of defense (health)

A

level of health the community has reached over time

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22
Q

Flexible line of defense (buffer zone)

A

represents a dynamic level of health resulting from a temporary response to stressors

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23
Q

Lines of resistance (strengths)

A

Internal mechanisms that act to defend against stressors

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24
Q

stressors

A

tension producing stimuli that have the potential of causing disequilibrium in the system

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25
Q

participant observation

A

Observation of formal or informal community activities; strengths include identification of power structures, limitations include inability to ask questions of participants

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26
Q

focus groups

A

Directed talk with a representative sample; strengths include that it provides insight into community supports, limitations are that it is time-consuming to transcribe the discussions

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27
Q

surveys

A

Specific questions asked in a written format; strengths include contact with participants is not required, limitations include low response rate and requires reading/writing by participants

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28
Q

community forum

A

Open public meeting; strengths include minimal cost, limitations include potential to drift from the issue and may be challenging to get adequate participation

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29
Q

health disparity

A

Difference in the health status (e.g., presence of disease, health outcomes, rates of chronic disease, access to health care) between population groups

30
Q

health inequities

A

Differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable, but, in addition, are considered unfair and unjust (e.g., power, wealth)
Rooted in social injustices that make some population groups more vulnerable to poor health than other groups

31
Q

A nurse is preparing to conduct a windshield survey. What are some examples of data the nurse should collect as a component of this assessment?

A

Presence of acceptable quality housing, Location of health services, Availability of public transportation

32
Q

Male babies are generally born at a heavier birth weight than female babies. is this a health disparity or health inequity?

A

health disparity

33
Q

Babies born to Black women are more likely to die in their first year of life than babies born to White women. is this a health disparity or health inequity?

A

health inequity

34
Q

windshield survey

A

Descriptive approach that assesses several community components by driving through a community

35
Q

windshield survey components

A

place, people, housing, social systems

36
Q

pender’s health promotion model

A

First published in the 1980s by Nola Pender

Envisioned as a framework for exploring health-related behaviors within a nursing and behavioral science context

37
Q

Pender’s model says that behaviors are determined by

A

The model posits that health promotion behaviors are determined by individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes

38
Q

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) or Stages of Change Model

A

developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in 1983 from the initial studies of smoking cessation. This model acknowledges that people differ in their readiness to adopt new behaviors.

39
Q

Which of the following represents the correct order of the stages in The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) or Stages of Change Model

A

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination

40
Q

health promotion behavior

A

Behavior motivated by the person’s desire to increase well-being and health potential; it is not disease-specific

41
Q

health promotion

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health; the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health

42
Q

health promotion interventions

A

Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination of efforts to enhance awareness, change behavior, and create environments that support good health practices

43
Q

disease prevention

A

Behavior motivated by a desire to avoid disease, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness or disability

44
Q

specificity

A

The ability of the screening test to give a negative finding when the person truly does not have the disease, or true negative

45
Q

validity

A

The degree to which the instrument measures what it is supposed to measure

46
Q

sensitivity

A

The ability of the screening test to give a positive finding when the person truly has the disease, or true positive

47
Q

reliability

A

The ability of the instrument to give consistent results on repeated trials

48
Q

ecological model

A

provides a broader view of community health promotion and incorporates an upstream approach. can be used as a guide to examine the determinants of health for a population, and for targeting interventions to multiple factors that affect health.

49
Q

example of downstream approach for fixing obesity problems

A

health provider focuses primarily on individual health teaching based on nutritional patterns, portions, and choices without taking into consideration environmental factors

50
Q

example of upstream approach to fixing obesity

A

interventions focused on agriculture subsidies, transportation policies, and urban zoning

interventions restricting television advertising of food to children, creating national nutrition standards for meals served in childcare settings, or working with the private sector to introduce healthier options in restaurants and local markets

51
Q

Host

A

worker characteristics: job experience, age, pregnancy

52
Q

agent (occupational health)

A

biological, chemical, physical, mechanical, psychological agents that can lead to illness or injury

53
Q

environment (occupational health)

A

psychological (addictions, stress), social (sanitation), physical (heat, pollution)

54
Q

home health skilled nursing services

A 
Skilled assessment
Wound care
Laboratory draws
Medication education and administration
Parenteral nutrition
IV fluids and medication
Central line care
Urinary catheter insertion and maintenance
Coordination, delegation and supervision of various other participants in home health services
55
Q

Teaching good nutrition and knowledge of health hazards
Providing information on immunizations
Teaching use of protective equipment
Example:
Teaching health promotion practices such as hand hygiene and tooth brushing

A

primary prevention

56
Q

Identifying workplace hazards
Early detection through health surveillance and screening
Prompt treatment, counseling and referral
Prevention of further limitations
Example:
Perform screening for early detection of disease and initiate referrals as appropriate such as vision and hearing, height and weight, and scoliosis

A

secondary prevention

57
Q

Restoration of health through rehabilitation strategies and limited-duty programs
Example:
Providing nursing care for children who have chronic disorders, including asthma, diabetes mellitus, and cystic fibrosis

A

tertiary prevention

58
Q

characteristics of healthy families

A

Members communicate well and listen to each other
There is affirmation and support for all members
Members teach respect for others
There is a sense of trust
Members play and share humor together
Members interact with one another
Members participate in leisure activities together
Members share a spiritual foundation
Privacy of individuals is respected
There is a shared sense of responsibility
There are traditions and rituals
Members seek help for their problems

59
Q

Providing health care services to clients where they reside

A

home health

60
Q

A comprehensive care delivery system for clients who are terminally ill

A

hospice

61
Q

Working with individuals, families, and faith communities who share common faith traditions

A

faith/parish nursing

62
Q

Combines nursing knowledge with knowledge of the criminal justice system, and epidemiological knowledge about findings of intentional injury with safety being the primary principle

A

forensic nursing

63
Q

Health care in the workplace that seeks to both promote health and prevent occupational illness and injury

A

occupational health

64
Q

Encompasses many roles including that of case manager, counselor, direct caregiver and health educator

A

school nursing

65
Q

discharge planning

A

Begins at admission
An essential component of the continuum of care
An ongoing assessment that anticipates the future needs of the client
Requires ongoing communication between the client, nurse, providers, family, and other members of the interprofessional team

66
Q

goal of discharge planning

A

Goal of discharge planning is to enhance the well-being of the client by establishing appropriate options for meeting the health care needs of the client

67
Q

case manager

A

Uses the nursing process to help the client obtain important services and to treat their condition

68
Q

activities of a case manager

A

Advocating for quality services and client rights, Applying evidence-based protocols and pathways, Promoting interprofessional services and increased client/family involvement, Providing education to optimize health participation, coordinating care among providers, nursing staff, physical and occupational therapists, rehabilitations facilities, home health care, and community resources

69
Q

five fundamental steps of evidence-based practice

A

Step 1: Assessment of the Problem - Formulating a well-built question
Step 2: Literature Review - Identifying articles and other evidence-based resources that answer the question
Step 3: Critical Appraisal - Critically appraising the evidence to assess its validity
Step 4: Apply the evidence
Step 5: Evaluation and Revision- Re-evaluating the application of evidence and areas for improvement

70
Q

PICO

A 
effective method to accomplish step 1: assessment of the problem 
P = Population/Patient/Problem
I = Intervention
C = Comparison/Control
O = Outcome/Effects
71
Q

True or false: The strength and quality of evidence are judged by the amount of control that was built into the research study and described as levels of evidence descending from Level 1 (the weakest) to Level 7 (the strongest)

A

false

72
Q

Nursing that combines patient preferences with best practices that have been validated by evidence based research and clinical expertise to formulate the plan of care for clients is called:

A

evidence based practice

NURS level 3 (10 decks)

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