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Mental Health: Public Health includes Healthy Minds Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 main statistics according to WHO?

A
  • Mental illness accounts for more disability in developed countries
  • 25% of adults in America have mental illness (2004)
  • Half of Americans will develop a mental illness at least once in their lifetime
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2
Q

What are the trends of mental illness?

A
  • Associated with CHRONIC diseases (CV, epilepsy, asthma, diabetes, cancer)
  • More likely to develop injuries (both intentional and unintentional)
  • Tend to use drug, abuse alcohol and tobacco
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3
Q

What are 2 main descriptions about anxiety?

Give examples

A
  • physiological response to a dangerous situation so that you can prepare to evade or confront the threat
  • anxiety experienced is disproportionated to the circumstance or intervene normal functioning

phobias, panic attack, generalized anxiety, OCD, PTSD

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4
Q

What is prevalence of anxiety disorder?

What anxiety disorder significant overlap with?

A

18% one year among adults

mood and substance abuse disorders

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5
Q

Who have higher rate of anxiety disorder?

A

female

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6
Q

What is the strong basis of panic disorder?

A

genetic basis

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7
Q

What are the treatments of anxiety disorder?

A

counseling, psychotherapy and pharmaceuticals

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8
Q

What is another type of anxiety that is common in veterans?

A

PTSD = post traumatic stress disorder

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9
Q

What cause them to have PTSD?

A

experienced traumatic events,
have nightmares,
feel stress and angry during the day

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10
Q

Describe 2 types of psychotherapies

A
  1. Prolonged exposure: help people confront their fear,
    help them feel in a safe ways through mental imagery & writing
  2. Cognitive processing: patient is asked to recount the traumatic experience & help them redirect negative thoughts
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11
Q

What is Psychosis?

A

the disorder of perception and thought

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of psychosis?

A

hallucination,
delusion,
paranoia

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13
Q

Definition of hallucination and delusion

A

hallucination: sensory impressions that have no basis in reality
delusion: false belief despite evidence to the contrary

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14
Q

What is psychosis associated with?

A

schizophrenia

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15
Q

How many % of population schizophrenia affects?

What are schizophrenia characterized?

What are symptoms?

What does onset generally occur?

Has strong degree of what?

What are the treatments?

A

1%

disruption of cognitive and emotion
affect languages, thought, perception

hallucination and delusion

young adults

genetic predisposition

antipsychotic meds,
psychotherapy,
family intervention program

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16
Q

What is the major cause of disability ?

A

mood disorder

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17
Q

What is mood disorder?

A

depression and bipolar disorder

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18
Q

What does 50% of people have diagnosis of major depression suffer?

A

anxiety

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19
Q

Who is more likely to have mood disorder?

A

women

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20
Q

What is the consequence of mood disorder?

A

suicide

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21
Q

What is common in people with mood disorder?

A

substance abuse

22
Q

What is the factor that is strongly implicated in mood disorder?

23
Q

What is the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments?

A

pharmacological treatment: antidepressant, mood stabilizers

non-pharmacological treatment: ECT (elctroconvulsant shock therapy) & counseling

24
Q

What is disturbance of cognition?

What is the example for this?

A

lack of ability to organize, process and recall information
to execute complex sequences of tasks

Alzheimer’s disease = cognitive impairment or dementia

25
Q

What is NCS?

Who sponsor?

What researchers in Harvard Medical School do?

A

National Comorbidity Survey
A comprehensive survey conducted in 1990-1992
again in 2001-2002 with the same respondents

National institute of mental health
National institute of drug abuse
WT Grant foundation

Interview 10k adults with questions designed to diagnose specific mental and substance abuse disorders

26
Q

What are the names of 2 surveys conducted by CDC?

A 
BRFSS = The behavioral risk factor surveillance system
PRAMS = The pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system
27
Q

What is BRFSS based ?

What kind of survey?
How many adults interviewed?
What is goal of the questions asked?
How often the question asked?
What individual may choose?
A

state - based

telephone survey
450k adult interviewed
the number of mentally unhealthy days they experience
every year
optional questions on mental health issues

28
Q

What is the question asked in PRAMS?

For how long?

A

postpartum depression = postnatal period of her birth of child & extend about 6 weeks

29
Q

___(1)___ have higher prevalence of ____(2)____

indicates association b/w mental illness and chronic diseases such as: _____(3)______

A

(1) Southeastern states
(2) depression, psychological distress, mentally unhealthy days
(3) obesity, diabetes, CV

30
Q

Which disorder(s) are more common in women?

A

anxiety and mood disorder

31
Q

Which disorder(s) are more common in men?

A

impulse control disorder & substance disorder

32
Q

Which disorder(s) most prevalent?

A

substance disorder

33
Q

T or F:

60 years old have higher prevalence than younger cohorts

A

False (in reverse)

34
Q

T or F:

The precise cause of mental disorders are NOT known

35
Q

What are 3 factors that cause mental illness?

A

biological, psychological and sociocultural

36
Q

Which disorder(s) caused by genetic?

A

schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, ADHD

37
Q

Which disorder(s) caused by environment?

A

panic disorder

38
Q

What does prevention depend on?

Describe 3 risk factors

A

identification of risk factors that can be targeted

  1. Individual factors: difficult temperament, physiological deficits, chronic physical illness, below avg intelligence
  2. Family factors: marital discord, social disadvantage, large family size, paternal criminality, maternal mental disorder, admission into foster care
  3. Community factors: living in an area with a high rate of disorganization, inadequate educational programs
39
Q

Describe mental illness in children

reasons
biological risks
how does maternal depression affect them
how does child abuse & neglect affect them

A
  • biological & psychosocial experience during childhood
  • biological risk:
    intrauterine exposure to alcohol / cigarettes,
    environmental exposure to lead,
    malnutrition during pregnancy,
    birth trauma,
    chromosomal syndrome
  • Relationship b/w infants/children with the primary caregiver is important
  • Maternal depression increases –> anxiety disorders, conduct disorder & alcohol dependence in the child
  • Child abuse & neglect –> depression, conduct disorder, delinquency (minor crime) & impaired social functioning with peers
40
Q

Autism

Rate in general
male or female rate
influence

A 
- severely compromised ability to engage in,
lack of interest in social interaction.
life long disability
- 1 in 110 children
- male higher (4-5 times)
- strong genetic influence
41
Q

Mood disorder in children

  • disorders
  • rare in?
  • higher in?
  • male or female rate
A
  • bipolar disorder, major depression, suicide
  • rare for preteens & young adolescents
  • higher in 15-19 years old
  • even higher in 20 -24
  • boy 5 times higher
42
Q

ADHD

  • rate accdng to gender
  • treatment
  • concerns
A
  • behavior disorder of childhood
  • boy 5 times higher
  • treatment: psychoactive stimulants & behavioral therapy
  • concerns raised about over diagnosis
43
Q

Intervention of mental illness in children

Program?

A
  • enhance classroom success
  • minimize involvement in the juvenile justice system
  • Project Head Start
  • improve academic performance of economically disadvantaged preschool children
  • Advantages: mainly social:
    better peer relations,
    less truancy,
    less antisocial behavior
44
Q 
Mental health in Older adults
- ages \_\_ or \_\_
- common disorders
- risk factors
- affects how many percentage of the elderly?
treatment
A
  • 55 or older
  • Alzheimer’s disease,
    alcohol / drug abuse,
    anxiety,
    late life schizophrenia
  • Depression –> suicide
- Risk factors:
medical conditions,
admission to nursing home,
poly pharmacy,
isolation,
bereavement
  • affect 20% of the elderly
  • Treatment - similar to children but physiological conditions must be considered
45
Q

Why most people with mental disorders DO NOT seek treatment ?

A
  • stigma

- cost

46
Q

Epidemiology of mental Illness

Lifetime prevalence of : ANXIETY

47
Q

Epidemiology of mental Illness

Lifetime prevalence of : MOOD DISORDER

48
Q

Epidemiology of mental Illness

Lifetime prevalence of : IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDER

49
Q

Epidemiology of mental Illness

Lifetime prevalence of : SUBSTANCE DISORDER

50
Q

highest rates of suicide is usually associated with

A

depression

51
Q

risk factors for older adults

A
  1. medical conditions & medications
  2. living conditions
  3. psychosocial stressors

CPH (6 decks)

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