Clean Water: A Limited Resource

Question 1

Sewage treatment plan

is under?
process?

Answer 1

- under wastewater 
regulation
1.) Screening solid and 
settling
2.) break down using 
biological process
3) disinfection

Question 2

Sludge

also known as ____ after removing hazardous contaminants from it

Answer 2

• solid waste left after sewage treatment plans

- “biosolids”

Question 3

Categories for Clean water act

Answer 3

1. ) Wastewater regulation

2. ) Industrial discharges regulation

Question 4

Second major category of point source

needs what?

Problems before

Answer 4

Industrial sources
- needs a permit
on allowable amounts of pollutants they may discharge.
problems before:

1) 1977, pesticides illegally dumped into sewers of Louisville, Kentucky
- affected second treatment process
- 100M sewage dumped in Ohio river
2) 1981, paint factory discharged Hydrochloric acid in Cincinnati into sewers
- left a 24 feet hole in sewer pipesur4

Question 5

leading course of water pollutions

Answer 5

agriculture

Question 6

major violators of the clean water act

Answer 6

sewage systems

Question 7

nonpoint- source pollution is mostly caused by?

Answer 7

stormwater runoff and air pollution

Question 8

Contaminants

stormwater runoff from:

Answer 8

1) farmlands
2) construction sites - oil,
tar, paint, cleaningn solvents
3) urban streets - sand, dirt,
road salt, oil, grease, heavy
metal particles, pesticides,
and fertilizers

Question 9

How do you solve stormwater runoffs

Answer 9

planting vegetation

Question 10

why is air pollution a contributor to water pollution

Answer 10

Acid rains, and PCB

Question 11

Sources of drinking water

which is better? why?

Answer 11

1) rivers and lakes
2) underground aquifers
- better less probability
of contamination

Question 12

Drinking water purification process

Answer 12

1) sedimentation - settling of suspended materials under the container
2) coagulation - uses alum
3) filtration - beds of sand
4) disinfection - chlorine
5) addition of fluoride to prevent tooth decay

Question 13

what is “hard” water

Answer 13

high concentrations of dissolved calcium or magnesium

Question 14

Determining effectiveness of treatment process tests

define

It is a failure of?

Answer 14

1) Turbidity levels- presence of suspended particles failure in sedimentation and filtration
2) coliform levels - coliform bacteria is detected, failure in disinfection

Question 15

New measured required for community water systems in 1996

what must be reported publicly

Answer 15

Consumer Confidence
Report
- “right-to-know”

consumers must know:
1) Source of the water, 
water contaminants, and t
he health effect
of these contaminant
2) source water protection,
standards for operators, and 
funding to help localities 
improve their systems

Question 16

Problems in drinking water supplies:

Answer 16

1) 40% of community water systems violated Safe Drinking Water Act in a year
2) More than 23M people received substandard drinking water

Question 17

reasons as to why politicians resist enforcing laws on chemicals

Answer 17

1) Economic Impact

2) Bad publicity

Question 18

Goals of Drinking Water strategy

whose administration was it?

what year was it? headed by?

Answer 18

• Obama
• 2010, Lisa Jackson
  1) grouping contaminants and addressing concerns
  2) develop new technologies,
  3) develop state relationships for sharing data on compliance and enforcement

Question 19

Bottled water problems

Answer 19

1) 1999, Natural Resources
Defense Council
     - brands contained
contaminants but not high
enough to cause health 
problems
2) Salmonella outbreak
 - affected 84 people
3) other outbreaks 
throughout 2001 to 2012

Question 20

T or F

Bottled water are purer than tap water

Answer 20

False

Question 21

how many percent of bottled water are
obtained in municipal water
supplied

Answer 21

44%

Question 22

Is the 2007 agreement of the City with EPA regarding filtration systems and watershed systems

why must it better

what does the City have to do?

Answer 22

10-year Filtration Avoidance
Determination

• although other systems has
  filtration, it still causes
  outbreaks so better yet focus
  on watershed protection

1) buy land in the watershed
region for recreational 
purposes
2) upgrade wastewater 
treatment plans and 
septic system
3) pollution prevention 
programs 
4) ultraviolet disinfection
facility for Cryptosporidia 
and Giardia

Question 23

Dilemmas in Compliance

Answer 23

1) cost
2) chemicals may be harmful to health
- chlorine - carcinogenic
-bubbling ozone - harmful to health
3) traces of hormones, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals in drinking water
- commonly found are: steroids, insect repellants, antibiotics, nonprescription drugs like caffeine and nicotine
- female hormones - feminization of male fishes
u

Question 24

Why is the water supply running out

Answer 24

1) only less that 1% is 
freshwater that we can drink 
and use
2) over population
3) depleting finite 
underground water sources
4) irresponsible water 
designation - some are used 
for irrigation instead 
5) drought