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AEMH > Mental Health Pharmacology > Flashcards

Mental Health Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most commonly prescribed SSRIs for anxiety disorders?

A

Sertraline
Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Escitalopram
Fluvoxamine maleate
Paroxetine

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2
Q

What kinds of medications are used as anxiolytics?

A

GABA agonists (e.g. benzodiazapines)
Serotonin agonists (e.g. Busiprone)
Dopamine agonists (e.g. Amantadine)
Antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs)
Antihistamines (e.g. Promethazine)
Beta-blockers (Low doses usually)
Anti-epileptic drugs (e.g. Pregablin)
Sleeping medication (e.g. Zopiclone)

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3
Q

What are the key pre-hospital considerations for anxiety medication?

A

Potential for increase in symptoms during first 14 days
after commencing prescription.
Key changes to HR and BP.
Overdose of benzodiazepines / betablockers.

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4
Q

What are the most common SSRIs and SNRIs?

A

SSRIs:
Fluoxitine
Certraline
Citalopram

SNRIs:
Duloxetine
Venlafaxine

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5
Q

What are some of the most common and most serious adverse side effects of SSRIs?

A

Common side effects:
Aggitation
GI disturbance (D&V or Constipation)
Dissiness
Blurred vision
Headaches
Sleeping problems

Serious side effects:
Cardiac arrythmias
Serotonin syndrome
Confusion
Haemophilic effects
Hallucinations
Seizures
Pyrexia

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6
Q

What is the mode of action of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?

A

They inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

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7
Q

What are the most common TCAs?

A

Amitriptyline
Clomipramine
Dosulepin
Imipramine
Lofepramine
Nortriptyline.

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8
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of TCAs?

A

Sedation
Cardiac arrhythmia
Urinary retention
Constipation
Increased likelihood of seizure in epileptic patients

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9
Q

What are alpha blockers and how do they treat depression?

What else are they used to treat?

A

Alpha blockers are alpha adrenoceptor antagonists (AAAs), Alpha-2 antagonists are licensed for treatment of major depressive disorder. Blocking alpha receptors increases the availibilty of norepiniphrine and serotonin whilst blovking some anxiety inducing serotonin and histamine recpetors.

A specific mode of action for depression is unknown.

In the UK they come under Noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NASSAs).

Some AAAs (Alpha-1 antagonists) are also used to treat hypertension and BPH due to their smooth muscle effects

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10
Q

What are some severe side effects of Mirtazapine?

A

Pancreatitis
Hyponatraemia
Liver problems and jaundice
Infection

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11
Q

What are some example of alpha-2 blockers?

A

Mirtazapine
Yohimbine

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12
Q

What are MAOIs and their mode of action?

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) stop the enzyme monoamine oxidase from breaking down neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in the brain

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13
Q

What are some examples of MAOIs?

A

Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid

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14
Q

What are some of the possible serious side effects of MAOIs?

A

Serotonin syndrome
Seizures
Low blood pressure
Seizures
Pyrexia

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15
Q

How is lithium used in medicine?

A

As a mood stabiliser to treat mood and bipolar disorders

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16
Q

How does lithium work?

A

Mechanism is unkown but may involve reducing excitory neurotransmitters and increasing inhibatory neurotransmitters. It may protect neurons and help create more of them.

17
Q

What are the possible serious side effects of lithium?

A

Lithium toxicity (theraputic dose is close to toxic dose)
-GI disturbance
-Dizziness/LoC/blurred vision
-Confusion
-Muscle problems (weakness, spasms etc.)

Anaphylaxis

18
Q

What are some long term side effects of lithium?

A

Weight gain and T2DM
Kidney and liver problems
Hypothyroidism

19
Q

What drugs are used as mood stabilisers?

A

Lithium
Anti-epileptics (e.g. Lamotrigine, Valproate)
Anti-pyschotics (e.g. Haloperidol, Olanzapine)

20
Q

What are the first line medications for episodes of mania and dpression in BD?

A

Mania: Valproate

Depression: Lamotrigine

21
Q

How do anti-pyschotic medications generally work and how are they classified?

A

Generally act on reducing dopamine

Classified as 1st generation (typical) or 2nd generation (atypical)

22
Q

What are the main side effects of 1st gen anti-pyschotics?

A

Extra Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS) e.g. involuntary body movements and restlestness

23
Q

What are the main side effects of 2nd gen anti-pyschotics?

A

Metabolic and immune symptoms:
Weight gain
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes mellitus
QTc prolongation
Extrapyramidal side effects
Myocarditis
Agranulocytosis
Cataracts
Sexual adverse effects

24
Q
A

AEMH (3 decks)

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