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AEMH > Common Mental Health Conditions > Flashcards

Common Mental Health Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a clinical and personal recovery from mental health?

A

A clinical recovery is a recovery from symptoms of diagnostic criteria.

A personal recovery is when symptoms no longer affect a patient’s every day life

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2
Q

What are the components of a MSE?

A

Appearance
Behaviour
Speech
Affect/mood
Thoughts/perception
Cognition
Insight

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3
Q

What components of appearance are important to note during an MSE?

A

Hygiene
Environment
Self harm
Self neglect
Substance use

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4
Q

What components of behaviour are important to note during an MSE?

A

Eye contact
Movements
Gesture
Interaction
Pre-occupation

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5
Q

What components of speech are important to note during an MSE?

A

Volume
Rate
Tone
Context
-Avoidant, vague, appropriate, linear

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6
Q

What components of affect/mood are important to note during an MSE?

A

Flat/elated mood
Fluctuating mood
Contextual factors
Disassociation
Suicidality

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7
Q

What components of thoughts/perception are important to note during an MSE?

A

Suicidality
Thoughts of harm to others
Hopelessness
Self harm
Preoccupation
Paranoia
Possession
Delusions (including persecutory)
Hallucinations (auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, command etc.)

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8
Q

What components of cognition are important to note during an MSE?

A

Orientation
Recall
Concentration
Attention/focus

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9
Q

What components of insight are important to note during an MSE?

A

Awareness of ill health
Support available
Evaluation of treatment options

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10
Q

What two symptoms are needed to diagnose pyschosis?

A

Hallucinations
Delusions

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11
Q

How is Generalised Anxiety Disorder defined?

A

Characterised by excessive worry, disproportionate to risk

At least three of the following symptoms are present most of the time:
-restlessness or nervousness
-being easily fatigued
-poor concentration
-irritability
-muscle tension
-sleep disturbance

Symptoms are present for at least 6 months and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

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12
Q

Under what circumstances of GAD symptoms occuring is deemed enough for a diagnosis?

A

Symptoms are present for at least 6 months and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

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13
Q

What is the most common diagnostic tool used for GAD diagnosis?

A

GAD-7.

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14
Q

Is GAD more common in males or females?

A

It is twice as common in females

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15
Q

What are some risk facotrs for GAD?

A

Adverse childhood experiences
Family history
Traumatic events.
Correlation with chronic physical health conditions (e.g. hyperthyroidism, long QT)
Loneliness
Poverty and deprivation
Can be exacerbated by substance use disorders

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16
Q

What are the general treatments for anxiety disorders?

A

Primary care referral- Improved access to psychological therapies (IAPT)
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
Mindfulness
Stress management
Phobia management
Pharmacological intervention – typically SSRI, SNRI. Acute symptom control: short term benzodiazepine, pregabalin, antihistamine use in some cases

17
Q

What are the most common SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Citalopram (Cipramil)
Escitalopram (Cipralex)
Paroxetine (Seroxat)
Sertraline (Lustral)

18
Q

What are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants?

A

SSRI

19
Q

How is OCD defined?

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent obsessional thoughts or compulsive acts or, commonly, both, which may cause significant functional impairment and/or distress.

20
Q

What are some of the most common obsessions seen in OCD?

A

-Contamination from dirt, germs, viruses (e.g. HIV), bodily fluids or faeces, chemicals, sticky substances, and dangerous materials (e.g. asbestos).

-Fear of harm.

-Excessive concern with order or symmetry.

-Superstition,fear of ‘bad’ numbers ‘magical’ thinking, religious obsessions.

-‘Forbidden’ thoughts, urges or impulses (such as being a paedophile, blasphemy, violence, sexual or criminal acts, harm to others, harming own baby).

21
Q

What are some of the most common compulsions seen in OCD?

A

-Repetitive hand washing — due to fear of contamination.

-Checking (e.g. doors are locked, electrical items unplugged, gas taps are off) — due to fear of harm to self or others.

-Ordering, arranging, and/or repeating— due to excessive concern with order or symmetry.

-Mental compulsions (e.g. special words or prayers repeated in a set manner, asking for forgiveness, excessive counting) — due to religious beliefs, ‘magical’ thinking, and superstitions.

-Memory checking and avoidance of triggers — due to concerns about ‘forbidden’ thoughts or images.

22
Q

What characteristics do OCD compulsions have?

A

They are:

Repeated and prolonged
Excessive OR Not connected to the obsession in a realistic way
Time consuming
Not the manifestation of another medical condition e.g. withdrawal

23
Q

What diagnostic tool is used to diagnose OCD?

A

Yale Brown OCD Scale

24
Q

What are the three most important features of PTSD?

A

Re-experiencing – intrusive memories, flashbacks, night terrors

Avoidance – memories, people or situations

Persistent fear – hypervigilance, increased startle

25
Q

What is the general pre-hospital management of anxiety and depressive disorders?

A

Compassion, empathy
Full history
Establish patient’s baseline/acuity of current presentation
Mental state consideration/MSE
Risk assessment (e.g. suicide and self harm)
Referral to primary care /review
IAPT
Own strategies of self care
Third sector support (e.g. Samaritans, Silverline)
Is the patient known to mental health services?
Is the patient safeguarded?
Is conveyance necessary? Ensure to seek support

26
Q

How are panic disorders described?

A

Suggested by recurrent episodes of acute sudden onset anxiety, and may coexist with generalised anxiety disorder

27
Q

How are social phobias described?

A

Anxiety or fear related to social situations and a fear of embarrassment. People usually engage in avoiding and self isolation behaviours

28
Q

How long do depressive symptoms have to last defore clinical depression is considered?

A

Over 4 weeks

29
Q

What clinical tool is used for depression diagnosis?

A

PHQ-9

30
Q

What are the general symptoms of depressive disorders?

A

Increased or decreased sleep
Decreased or increased appetite and/or weight.
Fatigue
Agitation
Poor concentration, memory or indecisiveness.
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt guilt.
Social isolation, withdrawal and reduced self esteem
Risk of self-harm
Recurrent thoughts of death and suicidal ideation/planning
Can impact menstruation, and reduce libido

31
Q

What are the general treatments for depressive disorders?

A

Primary care referral- Improved access to psychological therapies (IAPT)
Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT)
Pharmacological interventions - SSRIs/SNRIs/Tricyclics
Medication reviews - be aware of risk
Counselling
Secondary Services: Community Mental Health Team involvement / Crisis Resolution Team

AEMH (3 decks)

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