Mental Health Disorders Flashcards
Panic Attack
Discrete Period of intense symptoms that are sudden and at least 4 of the following reach their peak within 10 minutes…
- Racing Heart
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Shortness of Breath
- Choking Sensation
- Chest Pain/Discomfort
- Abdominal Discomfort
- Dizziness/Fainting
- Derealization/Depersonalization
- Fear of dying
- Fear of losing control
- Numbness/tingling
- Chills/hot flashes
(Anxiety Disorder)
Discrete Period of intense symptoms that are sudden and at least 4 of the following reach their peak within 10 minutes…
- Racing Heart
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Shortness of Breath
- Choking Sensation
- Chest Pain/Discomfort
- Abdominal Discomfort
- Dizziness/Fainting
- Derealization/Depersonalization
- Fear of dying
- Fear of losing control
- Numbness/tingling
- Chills/hot flashes
Panic Attack (Anxiety Disorder)
Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
A. Both of the following present…
1. Recurrent uncued panic attacks
2. After at least ONE attack a MONTH OR MORE of persistent worry or change of behavior related to attack
B. No evidence of agoraphobia
C. Not due to medical condition or substance
D. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Specific and Social phobia
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Both of the following present…
1. Recurrent uncued panic attacks
2. After at least ONE attack a MONTH OR MORE of persistent worry or change of behavior related to attack
B. No evidence of agoraphobia
C. Not due to medical condition or substance
D. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Specific and Social phobia
Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
A. Both of the following present…
1. Recurrent uncued panic attacks
2. After at least ONE attack a MONTH OR MORE of persistent worry or change of behavior related to attack
B. Presence of Agoraphobia
C. Agoraphobic situations are (AT LEAST ONE)
1. Avoided
2. Endured with marked distress/panic
3. Tolerated with presence of a companion
D. Not due to medical condition or substance
E. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Specific and Social phobia
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Both of the following present…
1. Recurrent uncued panic attacks
2. After at least ONE attack a MONTH OR MORE of persistent worry or change of behavior related to attack
B. Presence of Agoraphobia
C. Agoraphobic situations are (AT LEAST ONE)
1. Avoided
2. Endured with marked distress/panic
3. Tolerated with presence of a companion
D. Not due to medical condition or substance
E. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Specific and Social phobia
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
Anxiety Disorder
Agoraphobia without history of Panic Disorder
A. Presence of Agoraphobia
B. Agoraphobic situations are…
1. Avoided
2. Endured with marked distress/panic
3. tolerated with a companion
C. Never had a panic disorder
D. If medical condition present, fear is greater than typically seen with medical condition
E. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Specific and Social phobia
F. Not due to medical condition/substance
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Presence of Agoraphobia
B. Agoraphobic situations are…
1. Avoided
2. Endured with marked distress/panic
3. tolerated with a companion
C. Never had a panic disorder
D. If medical condition present, fear is greater than typically seen with medical condition
E. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Specific and Social phobia
F. Not due to medical condition/substance
Agoraphobia without history of Panic Disorder (Anxiety Disorder)
Specific Phobia
Four types: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational
A. Excessive fear of specific object/situation
B. Exposure to stimulus caused anxiety
C. Person recognizes anxiety is excessive
D. Stimulus avoided, edured with great anxiety
E. Avoidance or distress interferes with functioning
G. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social phobia, Agoraphobia
(Anxiety Disorder)
Four types: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational
A. Excessive fear of specific object/situation
B. Exposure to stimulus caused anxiety
C. Person recognizes anxiety is excessive
D. Stimulus avoided, edured with great anxiety
E. Avoidance or distress interferes with functioning
G. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social phobia, Agoraphobia
Specific Phobia (Anxiety Disorder)
Social Phobia
A. Fear of social/performance situations in which person is exposed to unfamiliar people or scrutiny of others
B. Exposure to social situation almost always cuases anxiety
C. Recognizes fear is excessive
D. Situations avoided/endured with anxiety
E. Avoidance/distress interferes with functioning
F. Not caused by medical condition, substance
G. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Agoraphobia, Eating Disorder, BDD
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Fear of social/performance situations in which person is exposed to unfamiliar people or scrutiny of others
B. Exposure to social situation almost always cuases anxiety
C. Recognizes fear is excessive
D. Situations avoided/endured with anxiety
E. Avoidance/distress interferes with functioning
F. Not caused by medical condition, substance
G. Rules out: OCD, PTSD, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Agoraphobia, Eating Disorder, BDD
Social Phobia (Anxiety Disorder)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
A. Either obsessions or compulsions present
B. Recognizes that obsessions/compulsions are excessive
C. Marked distress, time consuming - at least 1 hour per day - interferes with daily functioning
D. Rules out: eating disorders, hypochandrisis, BDD, Major Depression, PTSD
E. Not caused by medical condition, substance
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Either obsessions or compulsions present
B. Recognizes that obsessions/compulsions are excessive
C. Marked distress, time consuming - at least 1 hour per day - interferes with daily functioning
D. Rules out: eating disorders, hypochandrisis, BDD, Major Depression, PTSD
E. Not caused by medical condition, substance
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (Anxiety Disorder)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A. Excessive worry/anxiety over a NUMBER of events for at LEAST 6 MONTHS
B. Difficulty controlling worry
C. 3 OR MORE anxiety symptoms with at least some persisting for AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
D. Rules out: Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, OCD, Hypochandrisis, PTSD, Eating Disorder
F. Not due to medical conditions or substance. Does not occur only during mood disorder or psychotic disorder
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Excessive worry/anxiety over a NUMBER of events for at LEAST 6 MONTHS
B. Difficulty controlling worry
C. 3 OR MORE anxiety symptoms with at least some persisting for AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
D. Rules out: Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, OCD, Hypochandrisis, PTSD, Eating Disorder
F. Not due to medical conditions or substance. Does not occur only during mood disorder or psychotic disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Anxiety Disorder)
Acute Stress Disorder
A. Exposed to Traumatic event which:
1. involves actual/threatened death/serious injury to self/others
2. responds with intense emotion
B. Develops dissociative symptoms (3) during or following the event
C. Event persistently re-experienced with all physiological experiences of actual event
D. Avoidance of reminders of event
E. Overal increased anxiety/arousal
F. Causes Impairment in social/occupational functioning
G. Duration 2-4 weeks
H: Rules out substance and general medical condition
More than 4 weeks = PTSD
(Anxiety Disorder)
A. Exposed to Traumatic event which:
1. involves actual/threatened death/serious injury to self/others
2. responds with intense emotion
B. Develops dissociative symptoms (3) during or following the event
C. Event persistently re-experienced with all physiological experiences of actual event
D. Avoidance of reminders of event
E. Overal increased anxiety/arousal
F. Causes Impairment in social/occupational functioning
G. Duration 2-4 weeks
H: Rules out substance and general medical condition
Acute Stress Disorder (Anxiety Disorder)
5 out of 9 of the following for at least 2 weeks
- Depressed mood (required)
- loss of interest in pleasure
- Weight gain/loss
- insomnia/hypersomnia
- psychomotor agitation or retardation
- fatigue
- feeling worthless nearly every day
- indecision/inability to concentrate
- recurrent thoughts of death/suicide
Major Depressive Disorder
Mood Disorder…Axis I
Abnormally elevated or irritable mood disturbance. At least ONE week. MUST have 3 elevated or 4 irritable of the following
- Inflated self esteem
- decreased need for sleep (2-3 hours)
- More talkative
- Racing thoughts
- distractibility
- Increase in goal directive activity to an extreme (social, sexual, work)
- Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have painful consequences (shopping, etc)
Manic Episode
Mood disorder - Axis I
Same as Manic but less elevated or irritable mood lasting 4 DAYS.
During 4 days will have 3 elevated or 4 irritable of the following
- Inflated self esteem
- decreased need for sleep (2-3 hours)
- More talkative
- Racing thoughts
- distractibility
- Increase in goal directive activity to an extreme (social, sexual, work)
- Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have painful consequences (shopping, etc)
*Can be connected with although they might dismiss parts of the conversation
Hypomanic Episode
Mood disorder…Axis I
- Criteria for Major Depression & Manic Episode met
- At least ONE WEEK duration
- Client has always had daily swings
- Not as common as rapid-cycling
Mixed Episode
Mood disorder..Axis I
Chronic depressed mood for MORE THAN 2 YEARS
- Down in the dumps
- increase self-criticism, see self as uninteresting, incapable
- Long-Standing
- “Double Depression” - After 2 years may have a major depressive episode
- Early onset before 21, late onset after 21
Dysthymic Disorder
Mood disorder..Axis I
- Premenstrual Dysthymic Disorder
- Minor Depressive Disorder
- Depressive Disorder Present but clinician cannot determine whether primarily substance or medical based
Depressive Disorder NOS
Mood disorder..Axis I
Must have a MANIC episode
Bipolar I
Mood disorder..Axis I
At LEAST ONE DEPRESSIVE episode
At LEAST ONE HYPOMANIC episode
Bipolar II
Mood disorder..Axis I
Softer form of Bipolar
- 2 YEARS of numerous periods of Hypomanic and depressive symptoms
- Not enough symptoms to meet criteria for Major Depressive Episode
- No Manic or mixed episodes
- After two years, manic or mixed episodes may be superimposed
Cyclothymic Disorder
Mood disorder..Axis I
*Disturbed conciousness: shift in attention
*Reduced awareness of enviornment
INCLUDING…
*Change in cognitions, memory impairment, disorientation, rambling speech, perceptual disturbance
*Disturbance develops Quickly…hours/days
*Restless and hyperactive
*Emotional Disturbances common; anxiety, fear, speech etc
Etiology important!
*Head injury, or substance abuse induced
Delirium
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
- Multiple cognitive deficits
- Memory Impairment: Aphasia, Apraxia, Agnosia
- Can be static, remitting, progressive
Dementia
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Language difficulty
Aphasia
Motor skill disturbance
Apraxia
Failure to recognize objects and eventually self
Agnosia
Little to no awareness of deficits
- underestimate risks
- May become violent
- inappropriate jokes, neglect hygiene, etc
- psychosocial stressors enhance deficits
Must have one of these: Aphasia, Apraxia, Agnosia, impaired executive functioning
Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Diagnosed by Etiology
*Medical Condition, substance abuse (chronic alcohol use), NOS
Essential Features
- Difficulty recalling.learning information
- Clinically significant deficit memory functioning
- No insight they have a disorder
- Not related to dementia/delirium
- Confabulation is common
Amnesic Disorders
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
- loss of ego boundaries & gross impairment in reality testing
- Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic
- No insight of disorder
- Grossly interferes with capacity to meet ordinary demands of life
Psychotic Disorders
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Symptoms: Positive and Negative
Positive: Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized thinking and behavior, catatonic motor behavior
Negative: Affect flattening, Algoia, Aviolition
Must have 2 of the following for ONE MONTH: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms
Too much Dopamine!
Schizophrenia Disorder
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Same as schizophrenia except duration is more than ONE month and less than 6 Months
Schizophreniform Disorder
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
- Meets criteria for schizophrenia AND…
1. during this period affective episode arises (depressive, manic, mixed)
2. must be delusions or hallucinations for a TWO WEEK period when NO mood disorders present - period of illness = active/residual symptoms
- Duration of manic/mixed episode ONE WEEK
- Duration of Depressive episode TWO WEEKS
Schizoaffective Disorder
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Key Features:
- One or more non-bizzare delusions
- Social/Marital difficulties common
- appears fine until delusions
Delusional Disorder
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
has idealized romantic love - stalk, gifts, etc
Delusional Disorder - Erotomantic type
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
believes great unrecognized talent, messenger from god
Delusional Disorder - Grandiose type
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
believes that have evidence that spouse has been unfaithful
Delusional Disorder - Jealous type
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
believes being spied on, poisoned, etc
Delusional Disorder - Persecutory type
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Focus is on body functioning - something is off or wrong
Delusional Disorder - Somatic type
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
- One psychotic symptom for one day to one month
* return to premorbid functioning
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Cognitive disorder..Axis I
Pattern of negativistic hostile & defiant behavior toward authority figures lasting at least 6 months
During this time 4 of the following must occur: losing temper, argue with adults, refusal to comply, blames others, angry, spiteful
*lack of cognitive ability to comply
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Childhood disorder..Axis I
- Not enough dopamine
- must be present before 7 years of age
- syptoms present in at least two settings
- Interference with school, work,
*Must have 6 symptoms of inattention for 6 months: distracted easily, doesn’t listen, careless to details, loses things, forgetful in daily functioning, fails to finish tasks
OR
*Must have 6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity for 6 months: fidgets, squirms, blurt out answers, interrupts,difficulty waiting
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Childhood disorder..Axis I
Repetitive/persistent pattern of behavior that violates basic rights of others over the past 12 months.
- Must have 3 of the following for the last 6 months: bullies, initiates physical fights, used a weapon, set fires to cause harm, forced sexual activity, truant before 13
- callous/unemotional
- self-mutilation
Conduct Disorder
Childhood disorder..Axis I
- involuntary ticks: motor, vocal
* neuropsychiatric: manage response training, medications, relaxation methods
Tourette’s Disorder
Childhood disorder..Axis I
pattern of unjustified distrust and suspiciousness, bears grudges, reads benign remarks as threatening
Paranoid Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of detatchment from social relations and restricted range of emotional expression; little to no enjoyment, ‘dull souls’, no friends
Schizoid Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, magical thinking, very strange
Schizotypal Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of disregard for and violation of rights of others with lack of remorse, deceitful
Antisocial Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of instability and alternating extremes in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions. Marked impulsivity
Borderline Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of grandiosity, lack of empathy, need for admiration, “special”, arrogant, exploitative, fantasies of inordinate success of power
Narcissistic Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior, seductive, theatrical, uses body to attract attention
Histrionic Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of social inhibition, inadequacy, hyper-sensitive to negative criticism, unwilling to get involved in anything
Avoidant Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to excessive need to be taken care of by others, rejects responsibility, lack of self-confidence, difficulty deciding.
Dependent personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, control, details, rules, lists, scruples, rigid, stubborn
Obsessive Compulsive Personality
Personality disorder..Axis II
Cluster A
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
odd, eccentric
Cluster B
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Dramatic, emotional, erratic
Cluster C
Avoident, Dependent OCPD
Anxious, fearful
*found in medical settings, physical symptoms happening but unexplained
Somatoform Disorders
- transformation of anxiety into phsycial symptoms
- abrupt onset
- traumative event occurs
- blindness/paralysis are most common
- psychial exam shows no medical issues
- Symptoms remit after 2 weeks, but can return after 1 year
- effects voluntary motor functioning
- non-intentional
Conversion Disorder
Somatoform Disorders…Axis I
- onset before 30
- significant physical complaints; lack specificity and are colorful
- usually different symptoms: (1) sexual, (1) conversion, (1) GI,
- totals 8 or more symptoms
Somatization Disorder
Somatoform Disorders…Axis I
- symptom produced without any apparent gain to self
- pathological lying about symptoms
- intentional
- diassociation - pattern of falsification
- pattern of being ill
- opposed to malingering disorder
- behaviors not better accounted for by something else
Factitious Disorder
Somatoform Disorders…Axis I
- faking it for benefit
* intentional productions to avoid something
Malingering Disorder
Somatoform Disorders…Axis I
