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last psychology sac > mental health and wellbeing > Flashcards

mental health and wellbeing Flashcards

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1
Q

mental health

A

the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioural adjustment

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2
Q

mental health problems

A

a disruption to an individuals usual level of social and emotional wellbeing, including when their abilities are negatively affected

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3
Q

mental diorders

A

the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioural problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention; also known as a mental illness

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4
Q

mental health as a continuum

A
  • ranges from optimal health and wellbeing which is at one end and poor mental health at the other end. it shows that mental health and wellbeing can fluctuate just like a persons physical health
  • helpful as it can show that someone with a mental illness can be mentally healthy.
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5
Q

characteristics of a mentally healthy person

A
  • high levels of functioning
  • social and emotional wellbeing
  • resilience to life stressors
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6
Q

characteristics of a person with mental health problems

A
  • mild to moderate stress
  • temporary impairment
  • difficulties in coping
  • some changes in sleep patterns
  • some changes in appetite
  • experiences a loss of energy
  • difficulty concentrating
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7
Q

characteristics of a person with a mental disorder

A
  • psychological dysfunction
  • marked distress
  • ongoing impairment
  • excessive anxiety
  • significant changes in sleep patterns and appetite
    withdrawal and avoidance from social functions
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8
Q

explain high levels of functioning

A
  • demonstrated by being able to interact and involve oneself in society and to undertake everyday tasks such as persona hygiene, going to work and eating.
  • if a person was unable to do these things (e.g. stay in bed all day), this would show a low level of functioning and may indicate mental health problem or illness
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9
Q

explain social and emotional wellbeing

A
  • social wellbeing: having a sense of belonging to the community; this may involve having a job, being a member of a sporting team or contributing to society
  • emotional wellbeing: means to experience positive emotions such a s joy happiness or love, feeling generally satisfied with life.
  • good health is associated with greater economic success, better social relationships and reduced physical illness
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10
Q

explain resilience to life stressors

A

the ability for a person to adapt and cope with adversity

  • a resilient person is able to cope with life challenges such as negative life events and still maintain their social and emotional wellbeing.
  • a key factor in resilience is positive relationships
  • resilience is influenced by a persons cognitions, behaviours and biology and social and situational factors.
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11
Q

what is informed consent

A

When a participant gives there written consent to participate in a study after being fully informed of the true nature and purpose of the experiment (when appropriate), any foreseeable risks and their rights. This occurs when an experiment begins

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12
Q

what is a placebo

A

A fake treatment that has no active effect, such as a fake pill or injection. They are often used to test the effectiveness of newly developed treatments and medications

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13
Q

what is the placebo effect

A

changes in behaviour caused by the participants belief that they have been exposed to a treatment that will affect them in some way

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14
Q

what are the ethical considerations of placebos

A

the researcher is deceiving their patients. It violates the participants rights to be honestly and fully informed of the research procedures employed.
It is possible for placebos to cause unwanted physical side effects such as nausea and vomiting. They may stop a person from retrieving treatments that have proven medical value.

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15
Q

why is informed consent important in mental health study

A
  • the researcher must inform the participant of the experiment to make sure a psychologically and physiologically vulnerable person does not participate in the study.
  • Many people with mental illnesses lack the capacity to understand the research procedure and therefore the ability to provide informed consent
  • e.g. a severely depressed person may not fully understand the risks involved with an experiment because of their mental state, feelings of hopelessness and lack of concern
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16
Q

predisposing risk factor

A

(increasing susceptibility)
Factors that increase vulnerability to develop a mental problem. These factors can occur at conception or early in life, they shape a persons personality

17
Q

precipitating risk factor

A

factors that trigger the onset or exacerbation of a mental health problem
(increases susceptibility and contributes to occurrence)

18
Q

perpetuating risk factors

A

factors that prolong the course of the mental health problem and inhibit recovery
(inhibit recovery)

19
Q

protective risk factors

A

factors that enhance or have a positive effect on the health of an individual (prevent occurrence or reoccurrence)

20
Q

what are the biological risk factors

A
  • genetic vulnerability to specific disorder
  • poor response to medication due to genetic factors
  • poor sleep
  • substance use
21
Q

what are the physiological risk factors

A
  • rumination
  • impaired reasoning
  • memory
  • stress
  • poor self efficacy
22
Q

what are the social risk factors

A
  • disorganised attachment
  • loss of a significant relationship
  • stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment
23
Q

what are the predisposing risk factors (5)

A
  • family history or genetic vulnerability
  • physical illness: link between physical illness and mental illness
  • poor self efficacy: self efficacy is an individuals belief that they will be able to accomplish specific tasks
  • neglect abuse and trauma: increases susceptibility
  • environmental exposure before birth: for example toxins, alcohol and drugs in the womb
24
Q

what are the precipitating risk factors (6)

A
  • poor sleep: sleep and mood are closely connected, poor sleep leads to irritability and stress
  • substance abuse or misuse: may trigger the first episode of a lifelong mental illness. May make symptoms worse and treatment ineffective
  • confronting news: triggers anxiety depression PTSD
  • life event stress
  • losing a job
  • deterioration or loss of a significant relationship: mood swings, feelings of rejection and anger
25
Q

what are the perpetuating risk factors (8)

A
  • poor response to medication
  • substance abuse and misuse
  • rumination
  • impaired reasoning and memory: mental illness can prevent people from thinking rationally
  • avoidance behaviours
  • the role of stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment: lack of understanding of mental illness can cause negative attitudes, discrimination and stigma towards sufferers.
  • lack of support: social networks play a critical role in care of mental illness suffers
  • unemployment: feelings of helplessness, lack of control, self doubt
26
Q

what are the protective risk factors (4)

A
  • a resilient attitude: people are able to perceive difficulties as challenged and use there skills and strengths to conquer and cope
  • a postive social group
  • a satisfying job: meaningful and enjoyable work creates a sense of wellbeing and contributes to good mental health
  • suitable accomodation: provides a safe and secure environment, improves access to social networks and employment. good for maintaining.
27
Q

what are the protective risk factors (4)

A
  • a resilient attitude: people are able to perceive difficulties as challenged and use there skills and strengths to conquer and cope
  • a postive social group
  • a satisfying job: meaningful and enjoyable work creates a sense of wellbeing and contributes to good mental health
  • suitable accomodation: provides a safe and secure environment, improves access to social networks and employment. good for maintaining.
28
Q

poor self efficacy p

A

self efficacy is an individuals belief that they can achieve a specific goal. its the ability to persist.
poor self efficacy leads to individuals feeling inefficient and unable to control themselves in stressful situations.
it prevents individuals from efficiently dealing with situations

29
Q

disorganised attachment s

A

when there is an instability in the caregiving relationship between mother and child (e.g. physical distance, erratic
patterns of parents behaviour or physical and emotional abuse) there is an interference with the child’s sense of trust and security
- attachment helps us shape how we see ourselves and is the foundation for our social and emotional development
- those with disorganised attachment may have low self esteem, difficulty in trusting others and managing their feelings.

30
Q

loss off a significant relationship s

A

healthy relationships with friends, family and partners are vitally important to out physical and mental health

  • feelings of rejection
  • hopelessness, moodiness
31
Q

stigma s

A

refers to the social disapproval of an individuals personal characteristics or beliefs or disapproval of there type of behaviour.

  • stigma arrises because people are uncomfortable or embarrassed by behaviour that is different
  • stigma leads to people feeling shame, hopelessness and distress.
  • suffers may attempt to hide there illness
  • suffers may fail to seek help and support from there friends, family and professional services out of fear that they will be viewed in a negative way.
32
Q

what is the biopsychosocial model

A

an approach that proposes that health and illness outcomes are determined by the interaction and contribution of biological, psychological and social factors

33
Q

what is cumulative risk

A

the accumulation of and exposure to multiple risk factors that increase susceptibility to developing a mental disorder or perpetuates an existing mental disorder

34
Q

how does accumulative risk affect mental health

A

ageing
older people are at greater risk of developing mental health issues because of the accumulative effect of risk factors such as chronic illness and isolation
- the addition of one risk factor to another intensifies the impact of each factor

last psychology sac (2 decks)

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