Mental Health Flashcards
What is abnormal psychology
The study of mental emotional and behavioural aberrations
What’s the most common requirement for abnormality according to davey
Symptoms must cause clinically significant distress and impairment in social academic or occupational functioning
What are comers 4 ds of abnormality
Deviance
Dysfunction
Distress
Danger
Why do we classify abnormality
- give clinicians a language - agreed terminology
- help in choice of treatment
- AIDS scientific understanding
What year did the WHO add psychological disorders to the ICD
1939
What year did the APA publish its first DSM
1952
What is unipolar depression
Extended periods of clinical depression
Impairment in social or occupational functioning
How prevalent is unipolar depression
10-25% for women
5-12% for men
What is MDD?
Sad mood/ loss of pleasure in usual activities
5 symptoms ATLEAST
Eg sleeping, weight loss, loss of energy, agitation, worthlessness, suicidal thoughts, difficulty concentrating
Symptoms present everyday for ATLEAST 2 weeks
What is bipolar
Periods of mania that alternate with periods of depression
What is the prevalence of bipolar
0.4-4.6%
What is schizophrenia
Disturbances in
thought and language
Sensory perception
Emotion regulation
Behaviour
Symptoms of schizophrenia
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganised speech and behaviour
Flattened affect
Anhedonia
Alogia
Avolition
What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia
0.5-2%
How many people suffer with schizophrenia worldwide
24 million
- no gender difference
What stages does schizophrenia go through
Prodromal
Active
Residual
What age is schizophrenia most common between
15 and 35
What does the biomedical model involve
Brain anatomy
Brain chemistry
Hormones
Genetics
Viral infection
Biological treatments for abnormality
Drug therapy
Ect
Neurosurgery
What are concordance rates for mono and dizygotic twins
Mono- 44%
Di- 12%
What do amphetamines do
Produce symptoms that mimic psychosis
Increase brain dopamine activity
What did brain imaging studies find by carlsson
Increased levels of dopamine in the schizophrenic brain
What do psychological models argue
Problems are the result of the individual acquiring dysfunctional ways of thinking and acting
What is external attribution
More likely to attribute thoughts ideas and stimuli to an external source
What does inefficient executive functioning lead to
Difficulties filtering irrelevant info from attention
What do sociocultural models suggest
Behaviour is shaped by social forces
We must examine a persons social and cultural surroundings to understand abnormal behaviour
What’s the sociogenic hypothesis
Life stressors lead to psychopathology
What’s the social selection theory
Psychopathology leads to lower economic status
What’s the David rosenhan study about nurses
8 researchers- admission to one of 12 psych hospitals
All admitted- all but one had diagnosis of schizophrenia
Despite acting normally after, normal behaviour was ignored
Failure to detect sanity
What is social labelling theory
Symptoms are influenced by diagnostic labels
What is systems theory
Attempts to understand the family as a social system
What is the diathesis stress model
Explains behaviour as a result of biological and genetic factors - nature n nurture
