Brain And Behaviour Flashcards
What makes up the PNS
The somatic nervous system
Automatic nervous system
What does the SNS do?
Controls movement of skeletal muscles
Transmits sensomatory info to the CNS
What does the ANS do?
Body’s negative function (involuntary)
Sympathetic, parasympathetic
What’s in the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What’s the function of the CNS
Carries commands from (efferent) the brain to the muscles and organs
Carries sensory info to (afferent) the brain
What is locked in syndrome
Complete paralysis of voluntary muscles except eyes
What’s the neural tube
Hollow tube
ORIGIN of the CNS
What are meninges
- 3 layers of tissue that encase the CNS
Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
Pia mater
What’s the dura matter (meninge)
Hard mother
Outermost later
What’s the arachnoid membrane (meninge)
Subarachnoid space
Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Cushions the brain
What’s the PIA Mater (meninge)
Layer adjacent to the surface of the brain
Thin and delicate
Where is the clear cerebrospinal fluid found
Ventricular system
Subarachnoid space
Why do we need cerebrospinal fluid
Protection from shock
Reduction of weight
Carries hormones to other areas of the brain
What does the blood brain barrier do
Limits passage between the bloodstream and the brain
How does the blood brain barrier limit passage between the blood stream and the brain?
Capillaries are tighter
Only small molecules can pass
What are ventricles
Four hollow interconnected spaces located in the brain
All produce CSF
What is hydrocephalus
Water on the brain
(CSF on the brain)
Occurs at birth or acquired
What is the cerebral cortex
- bark
- outermost layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres
How thick is the cerebral cortex?
3mm
What is the cerebral hemisphere
One of the two major portions of the forebrain
Covered by cerebral cortex
What is a sub cortical region
Region located within the brain
What is a sulcus
Groove in the surface of the cerebral hemisphere
Smaller than a fissure
What is a fissure
Major groove in the surface of the brain
Larger than a sulcus
What is a gyrus
Convolution of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres
Separated by sulci or fissures
What does a longitudinal fissure separate
2 hemispheres
What does a lateral sulcus/ fissure separate
The temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes
What does a central sulcus/ fissure separate
Frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
What are the 5 subdivisions of the brain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Mylencephalon
What do the frontal lobes control?
Executive functions (higher level cognitive functions eg problem solving)
Movement / motor controls
Primary motor cortex
Language (brocas area)
Where are the parietal lobes and what do they do
- somatosensory cortex
- spatial processing
What are the temporal lobes connected to
Limbic system / hippocampus
What do the temporal lobes do
Primary auditory cortex
Wernickes area
Why is the basal ganglia important
Movement
Implicit learning
Role in automatic processing of learned skill eg driving a car
What 3 things are in the limbic system
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus
What’s the thalamus
“Inner chamber”
Sensory relay station
What does the thalamus do
Processes most info to and from brain centres
What is the hypothalamus
The master gland
Pituitary gland (hormone)
What are the 2 major areas of the midbrain
Tectum (roof)
Eye movement
Auditory orienting
Tegmentum (covering)
Arousal
Body movement
