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Nutrition and Behavior > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

what is well-being?

A

capacity of each and all of us to feel, think and act in ways that enhance our ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges we face
- not about being always happy but being able to deal with challenges and still have quality of life and enjoy the good

  • it is a positive sense of emotional and spiritual wellbeing that respects the importance of culture, equity, social justice, interconnections and personal dignity
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2
Q
  • dif btw distress and crisis?
    what are some red flags that someone is in distress vs in crisis? (9)
A

DISTRESS: can be discussed, not well, but not too too bad
IN CRISIS: some threat to safety (yourself, others, physical health like fainting) –> requires immediate response
- overwhelmed
- trouble coping
- disorganized/confused
- inconsistent
- disheveled, tired
- socially withdrawn –> isolating
- looks stressed/fearful/worried/sad
- angry outbursts
- a change in their behaviour

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3
Q

difference between mental health and mental illness?
- explain their continuum

A

MENTAL HEALTH –> we all have mental health
- ranges from optimal or poor (top down)
MENTAL ILLNESS: we don’t all have mental illness –> has to meet criteria for diagnosis
- ranges from serious mental illness to no symptoms of mental illness (left right)
- can have mental illness & optimal mental health –> spectrum of functionality
- or poor mental health without mental illness

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4
Q

what are 3 key points of her Shanon’s presentation?

A
  1. having symptoms doesn’t mean actually having a diagnosis
  2. no person is their diagnosis
  3. as a helper, we are not there to save but to support
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5
Q

is it wrong to say “i’m depressed, i feel bipolar, i am so OCD today”?

A
  • incorrect saying as you don’t have the diagnosis
  • we want to decrease stigma and encourage people to talk about mental health & illness but we need to stay sensitive and use terms correctly
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6
Q

how are mental illnesses diagnosed in Canada?
- guided by what?

A
  • diagnosed by medical doctors or psychologies
  • guided by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) –> published by American Psychiatric Association
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7
Q

Name a few eating disorders

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia nervosa
  • binge eating disorder
  • orthorexia, overexercising
  • other specified feeding and eating disorders
  • avoidant restrictive intake disorder (ARFID) –> picky eater, sensitive to shape, texture…
  • unspecific feeding or eating disorder (UFED)
  • rumination disorder
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8
Q

what are some reasons you might hesitate to intervene when you see a student in difficulty?

A
  • think you will make it worse (in real life, really hard to make it worse. usually pretending we didn’t notice is making it worse)
  • i will wait for them to bring it up –> we think it’s the most respectful thing to do –> but they might feel weird that you didn’t notice anything
  • i will say the wrong thing, hurt their feelings and make them feel judged
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9
Q

what are 4 things to do during an intervention?

A
  1. provide safe space
  2. initiate contact
  3. express concern while actively listening
  4. roles and collaboration
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10
Q

what are 3 key aspects of providing and valuing a safe space?

A
  • validate their need for support + show warmth while respecting boundaries + not there to save but to support (will alleviate your own stress/pressure you put on yourself)
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11
Q

what are 2 tips for the most powerful interventions?

A
  1. little to do with the person’s story/advice given –> don’t follow the details, follow the feelings (usually what the client makes you feel is how the client is feeling = transference)
  2. a lot to do with their leaving the interaction feeling seen, heard and connected
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12
Q

how do you initiate contact with the other? without offending them?

A
  • ” i am concerned about changes I’ve seen in you”
  • “This behaviour seems really different for you…”
  • “can we talk about what is going on” “do you want to talk about it?”
    *meet people where they are at to support them –> many nutrition consults, you will not even talk about nutrition…
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13
Q

how to actively listen to the other? (3)

A
  • verbal and non-verbal behaviors
  • open questions
  • normalize, validate
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14
Q

how to take care of your mental health as a helper? (4)

A
  • self-care
  • mindfulness
  • compassion
  • support
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15
Q

what is self-care?

A
  • setting boundaries
  • asking for help
  • spending time alone
  • putting yourself first
  • asking for what you need
  • staying at home
  • saying “no”
  • forgiving yourself
  • taking a step back
  • journaling 5’ every morning
  • exercise
  • music
  • baking
  • shower, skincare
  • find the little things and pepper them in your life
    *if you stop doing it when you feel overwhelmed, you should make it a non-negotiable
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16
Q

what is mindfulness? (3)

A

being aware in a way that is:
- purposeful
- in the present moment
- non-judgmental –> be compassionate towards yourself

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17
Q

how to make sure you have the right support?
- 2 categories of supported ish

A
  • friends and family
  • professional

*ask for the support you need!

18
Q

what is the professional compass?

A
  • inner knowing –> follow your gut –> you are allowed to change the plan of the session
  • if you make the wrong call –> own your mistake, client might react with their body language or straight up tell you
  • also your order and liability, organizational expectation, systems perspective, your own compass
19
Q

what are some benefits of nutrition interventions on mental health?

A
  • reduced nutrition-related side effects of psychiatric medications
  • better self-management of health conditions
  • improved mental health and physical health
  • enhanced social inclusion
  • self-reliance
  • food security
  • a healthier body image
20
Q

what 2 things that are kinda similar (one is a lived experience, the other one is a clinical disorder) can lead to unhealthy relationship with food, compromised nutritional status, various forms of disordered eating?
- 4 symptoms
- explain

A

Trauma! vs PTSD (clinical disorder)
- 1/3 of people with trauma will develop PTSD
SYMPTOMS:
1. intrusive thoughts such as flashbacks
2. avoidance
3. altered cognition and mood
4. altered arousal and reactivity; which can include anxiety symptoms and increased threat vigilance, as well as sleep difficulties
*food can become form of self-medication
*food addiction, or binge eating disorder can be associated with trauma

21
Q
  • bipolar disorder –> formally called (2) –> mental disorder that causes (5)
  • how many types?
  • moods range between what 2 forms
A
  • manic-depressive illness OR manic depression –> causes unusual shifts in mood, shift in energy, activity levels, concentration and ability to carry out day-to-day tasks
  • 3 types! all 3 involve clear change in mood, energy and activity levels
    MANIC episodes
  • up, elated, irritable, energized behavior
  • less severe manic periods = hypomanic episodes
    DEPRESSIVE episodes:
  • down, sad, indifferent, hopeless
22
Q

what are the 3 bipolar disorders? describe

A

BIPOLAR 1 disorder
- manic episodes that last >7 days OR so sever that needs hospital care
- depressive episodes typically lasting >2 weeks
- episodes of depression with mixed features (with manic symptoms) also possible
BIPOLAR 2 disoder:
- pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown mani episodes that are typical of bipolar 1 disorder
CYCLOTHYMIC disorder (cyclothymia):
- defined by periods of hypomanic symptoms + periods of depressive symptoms for >2 years
- BUT symptoms don’t meet diagnostic reqs for hypomanic episode and a depressive episode

23
Q
  • depression, also know as (2) –> interferes with what? (6 ish)
  • what does NOT characterize this disorder?
  • how often do these people experience symptoms?
A
  • known as major depressive disorder OR clinical depression
  • interferes with hoe people feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating or working
  • sadness does NOT characterize. can be a symptom
  • nearly every day for at least 2 weeks
24
Q

CLINICAL depression vs major depressive episode

A

clinical = constant
MAJOR depressive episode –> ie losing someone, grief
- symptoms won’t occur frequently
- might only happen to you once in your life

25
Q

what are symptoms of depression? the 2 main ones?

A

MAIN ONES:
- loss of interest or pleasure in hobbits and activities
- decreased energy or fatigue –> tired all the time even if you sleep a lot
OTHERS
- persistent sad, anxious or empty mood
- feelings of hopelessness
- irritability
- feelings of guild, worthlessness, helplessness
- moving or talking more slowly
- difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions, sleeping
- appetite/weight changes
- thoughts of death, suicide or suicide attempts
- aches and pains –> depression goes through body

26
Q

suicide vs suicide attempt vs suicide ideation

A

SUICIDE:
- death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of behaviour –> completed
SUICIDE ATTEMPT:
- non-fatal, self-directed, potentially injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of behavior –> suicide attempt might no result in injury
SUICIDE IDEATION:
- thinking about, considering or planning suicide
- can be passive: not intent of doing it but would like it to happen

27
Q
  • define personality disorders
  • what is an example of personality disorder?
A
  • represent an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from expectations of individual’s culture
  • these patterns tend to be fixed and consistent across situations and leads to distress or impairment
  • borderline personality disorder
28
Q
  • define borderline personality disorder
  • may experience episodes of (3) that can last how long?
  • tend to view things in what way? –> leads to what?
A
  • illness marked by an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behavior –> symptoms often result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships
  • may experience anger, depression and anxiety –> can last from a few hours to days
  • view things in EXTREMES! all good or all bad (as clinician, don’t take it personally) –> their opinions of other people can also change quickly –> shifting feelings can lead to intense and unstable relationships
29
Q

what are symptoms of borderline personality disorder? (3 main ones + others)

A
  • pattern of intense and unstable relationships with family, friends, and loved ones, swinging from extreme closeness and love (idealization) to extreme dislike or anger (devaluation)
  • distorted and unstable self-image or sense of self
  • impulsive and often dangerous behaviors, such as spending sprees, unsafe sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating
    OTHERS:
  • self-harming, recurring thoughts of suicidal behavior, intense and high changeable moods, chronic feelings of emptiness, anger problems, difficulty trsuting, feelings of dissociation, guilt, shame
  • uneasy with how they feel with themselves –> unleash in relationships
30
Q

impulsive behavior such as spending sprees and binge eating during a period of elevated moor or energy –> what type of disorder?

A

may be signs of mood disorder! not borderline personality disorder

31
Q

is occasional anxiety an anxiety disorder?
- define anxiety diroser

A

no! occasional anxiety is an expected part of life –> might feel anxious when faced with problem at work, before exam, before making important decision
- anxiety disorders involve more than temporary worry or fear –> for a person with anxiety disorder, anxiety does not go away and can get worse over time. symptoms can interfere with daily activities like job performance, school work and relationships

32
Q

what are 3 types of anxiety disorders? describe

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER:
- excessive anxiety or worry, most days for at least 6 months, about personal health, work, social interactions, everyday routine life circumstances
- fear and anxiety can cause significant problems in ares of life (social interactions, school, work)
PANIC DISORDER:
- recurrent unexpected panic attacks or panic attacks brought by a trigger (feared object OR situation)
- panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that come on quickly and reach their peak within minutes
PHOBIA-RELATED DISORDERS:
- intense fear of or aversion of specific objects or situations
- can be realistic to be anxious in some circumstances, fear of people with phobias is out of proportion to the actual danger caused by situation or object

33
Q

what are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? (7)

A
  • feeling restless, wound-up, on edge
  • being easily fatigued
  • having difficulty concentrating, mind going blank
  • being irritable
  • having muscle tension
  • difficulty controlling feelings of worry
  • having sleep problems: difficulty falling or staying asleep, restlessness, unsatisfying sleep
34
Q

what are symptoms experienced during a panic attack (6)?

A
  • heart palpitations, pounding heartbeat, accelerated heart rate
  • sweating
  • trembling, shaking
  • sensations of shortness of breath, smothering, chocking
  • feelings of impending doom
  • feelings of being out of control
35
Q

what are types of phobias and phobia-related disorders (4)

A
  • specific phobias (or simple phobias)
  • social anxiety disorder (previously called social phobia)
  • agoraphobia (anxiety in public crowded space)
  • separation anxiety disorder
36
Q
  • define autism spectrum disorder
  • said to be a _________ disorder. why?
A
  • developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior
  • can be diagnosed at any age, but said to be a developmental disorder bc symptoms generally appear in first 2 years of life
    *some are high-functioning!
37
Q

symptoms of ASD?

A
  • making little or inconsistent eye contact
  • having difficulties with back and forth conversations
  • often talking at length about favorite subject without noticing other are not interested
  • having facial expressions, mvts or gestures that don’t match what you say
  • unusual tone of voice: sing-song or flat and robot like
  • trouble understanding another person’s point of view OR being unable to predict or understand people’s actions
  • difficulty with multi-commands
38
Q
  • define psychotic disorders (also called what? ish)
A
  • schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
  • defined by abnormalities in one or more of following 5 domains:
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized thinking (speech)
  • grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia)
  • negative symptoms
39
Q

what are 3 types of psychotic disorders? + describe

A

DELUSIONS
- fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. may include variety of themes (persecutory, referential, somatic…)
HALLUCINATIONS:
- perception-like experiences that occur without external stimulus
- vivid and clear, with full force and impact of normal perceptions + NOT under voluntary control
- sensory modality but auditory hallucinations (voices perceived as distinct from individual’s own thoughts) most common in schizophrenia
DISORGANIZED THINKING
- formal thought disorder
- typically inferred from individual’s speech –> may switch from one topic to another
- answers to questions may be obliquely related or completely unrelated

40
Q

what are 3 types of delusions?
- into what category of disorders does it fall into?

A

*psychotic disorders!
PERSECUTORY DELUSIONS:
- belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed and so forth by an individual, organization
- most common
REFERENTIAL DELUSIONS:
- belief that certain gestures, comments, environmental cues are directed at oneself
GRANDIOSE DELUSIONS:
- when individual believes that he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth or fame

Nutrition and Behavior (4 decks)

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