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BDS4 SCD > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of mental health

A

‘a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to his or her community’

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2
Q

What can put off those with poor mental health from dental tx

A

Poor OH, eating higher calories, more sugary foods, dental phobias from previous experience, cost can put them off

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3
Q

Which children are at risk of poor mental health

A
  • Parental use of alcohol, tobacco, drugs during pregnancy
    • Maternal stresses during pregnancy
    • Lower birth weight with impaired cognitive/language development
    • Poor mental health
    • Parent unemployed
    • Child abuse
    • Use of cannabis at young age
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4
Q

Which adults are at risk of poor mental health

A
  • Lower income and debt
    • Violence
    • Stressful life events
    • Housing
    • Fuel poverty
    • Unemployed
    • Suicide
    • Certain personality
    • Experience of abuse
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5
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder

A

This means having regular or uncontrollable worries about many different things in your everyday life.

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6
Q

How does generalized anxiety disorder present

A

Excessive anxiety present more days than not for 6 months
Hard to control anxiety
Adults - 3 or more symptoms
Impairment in daily life
Not meds, drug abuse or condition
Cant be attributed to another condition

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7
Q

What is panic disorder

A

this means having regular or frequent panic attacks without a clear cause or trigger

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8
Q

How does panic disorder present

A

Intense fear something is going to happen
Fear accompanied by physiological symptoms
Abrupt onset of 4 of the symptoms
§ Heart palpitations
§ Sweating
§ Dizziness
§ Numbness
§ Chest pain
§ Nausea
§ Fear of death
§ Fear of losing control
§ Feelings of detachment
§ Etc
Disorder requires it to be recurrent, persistent worry, not effects of substance etc
Can result in avoidance

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9
Q

What is a phobia

A

a phobia is an extreme fear or anxiety triggered by a particular situation (such as going outside) or a particular object (such as spiders).

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10
Q

What is social anxiety disorder

A

this diagnosis means you experience extreme fear or anxiety triggered by social situations (such as parties, workplaces, or everyday situations where you have to talk to another person). It is also known as social phobia.

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11
Q

What is PTSD

A

this is a diagnosis you may be given if you develop anxiety problems after going through something you found traumatic. PTSD can involve experiencing flashbacks or nightmares which can feel like you’re re-living all the fear and anxiety you experienced at the time of the traumatic events.

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12
Q

What is OCD

A

you may be given this diagnosis if your anxiety problems involve having repetitive thoughts, behaviours or urges.

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13
Q

What is health anxiety

A

this means you experience obsessions and compulsions relating to illness, including researching symptoms or checking to see if you have them. It is related to OCD.

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14
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder

A

this means you experience obsessions and compulsions relating to your physical appearance.

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15
Q

What is perinatal anxiety or OCD

A

some people develop anxiety problems during pregnancy or in the first year after giving birth.

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15
Q

What is perinatal anxiety or OCD

A

some people develop anxiety problems during pregnancy or in the first year after giving birth.

16
Q

What is the best way to tx those with anxiety in dentistry

A

True phobic neurosis requires a lot of attention, can be hostile in behaviour, they want treatment but are unable to coooperate
Tend to have more physical symptoms during LA etc, more symptoms of anxiety and depression
Best way to treat these patients are early appointments and premedications + painless dentistry. Utilise relaxation techniques etc

17
Q

What is depression

A

Depression is characterized by depressed or sad mood, diminished interest in activities that used to be pleasurable, weight gain or loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, inappropriate guilt and difficulties concentrating, as well as recurrent thoughts of death.

18
Q

What are common causes of depression

A
  • Stressful events such as relationship breakdown or bereavement
  • Certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem or being overly self-critical
  • Family history
  • Giving birth
  • Loneliness
  • Alcohol and drugs
19
Q

How should we manage px with depression

A

Want to defer tx until depression is in control but prevention should be given early
Be careful with drugs, antidepressants have drug interactions with lots of drugs
Most common oral complaint is dry mouth due to antidepressants
Antipsychotic medications –> can result in uncontrolled oral musculature movements etc called tardive dyskinesia

20
Q

What 3 neurotransmitters are implicated in depression

A

Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine

21
Q

What are the dental implications of depression

A
  • Chronic facial pain
    • Burning mouth or sore tongue (oral dysaesthesia)
    • Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome
22
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia

A
  • Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities
    • It affects about 15–20% of patients who have been receiving antipsychotics including neuroleptics and atypical antipsychotics for many years, but sometimes only for short periods.
23
Q

What is psychosis

A

When people lose some contact with reality.
This might involve seeing or hearing things that other people cannot see or hear (hallucinations) and believing things that are not actually true (delusions).

24
Q

What are hallucinations

A

Where a person hears, sees and, in some cases, feels, smells or tastes things that do not exist outside their mind but can feel very real to the person affected by them; a common hallucination is hearing voices

25
Q

What are delusions

A

where a person has strong beliefs that are not shared by others; a common delusion is someone believing there’s a conspiracy to harm them.

26
Q

What are causes of psychosis

A

Schizophrenia
Bipolar
Severe depresison

27
Q

What can trigger psychosis

A

a traumatic experience
stress
drug or alcohol misuse
side effects of prescribed medicine
a physical condition, such as a brain tumour

28
Q

What is the dental relevance of bipolar disorder

A
  • Often need to delay tx until after controlled
    • On many drugs, e.g lithium which has many interactions e.g NSAIDs or metronidazole, can induce lithium toxicity, but paracetamol and aspirin are safe to use
    • Feel unable to look after themselves
    • Also find lots of medications used to treat px have many oral side effects e.g xerostomia
29
Q

What are the different phases of bipolar disorder

A
  • low or depressive
  • high or manic
  • hypomanic
  • manic
30
Q

What is a manic pahse

A

During a manic phase of bipolar disorder, they may feel very happy and have lots of energy, ambitious plans and ideas.
They may spend large amounts of money on things they can’t afford and wouldn’t normally want.

31
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia is a disorder of the mind that affects how you think, feel and behave.
“Fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and perception.”

32
Q

What are positive schizophrenic symptoms

A

dont occur physiologically
psychotic symptoms

33
Q

What are positive symptoms in schizophrenia

A
  • hallucinations
  • delusions
  • paranoid delusions
  • idea of reference
  • muddled thinking
  • feelings of being controlled
34
Q

What does negative symptoms mean (schizophrenia)

A

removal of normal processes. Decrease in emotions they can express, loss of interests.

35
Q

What are examples of negative symptoms (schizophrenia)

A
  • They start to lose normal thoughts, feelings and motivations.
    • They lose interest in life. Energy, emotions and ‘get-up-and-go’ just drain away. It’s hard to feel excited or enthusiastic about anything.
    • They can’t concentrate.
    • They don’t bother to get up or go out of the house.
    • They stop washing, tidying or keep clothes clean.
    • They feel uncomfortable with people.
36
Q

What are dental implications of schizophrenia

A
  • Haloperidol and phenothiazines may cause orthostatic hypotension. Patients should be raised slowly and carefully assisted from the dental chair.
    • The long-term use of neuroleptics can lead to xerostomia, oral pigmentation and severe extrapyramidal symptoms.
    • Facial dyskinesia’s: frequently involving the bulbar or neck muscles, with subsequent difficulties in speech or swallowing. Alternatively, there may be uncontrollable facial grimacing (orofacial dystonia)
    • Haloperidol and clozapine can cause hypersalivation.
37
Q

What are dental implications of eating disorders

A

NCTSL
Loss of vertical dimension
Dento-alveolar compensation
Quality of dentine for bonding
Use of resin based materials
Hostile environment acidic environment
Xerostomia
Sensitivity

38
Q

What are the recommendations for treating patients with mental health disorders

A
  • bringing someone to an appointment
  • working with carers
  • avoiding jargon
  • managing expectations
  • letter copies - ask px if they want copies of correspondence

BDS4 SCD (5 decks)

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