Mental Health Flashcards
What is the definition of mental health
‘a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to his or her community’
What can put off those with poor mental health from dental tx
Poor OH, eating higher calories, more sugary foods, dental phobias from previous experience, cost can put them off
Which children are at risk of poor mental health
- Parental use of alcohol, tobacco, drugs during pregnancy
- Maternal stresses during pregnancy
- Lower birth weight with impaired cognitive/language development
- Poor mental health
- Parent unemployed
- Child abuse
- Use of cannabis at young age
Which adults are at risk of poor mental health
- Lower income and debt
- Violence
- Stressful life events
- Housing
- Fuel poverty
- Unemployed
- Suicide
- Certain personality
- Experience of abuse
What is generalized anxiety disorder
This means having regular or uncontrollable worries about many different things in your everyday life.
How does generalized anxiety disorder present
Excessive anxiety present more days than not for 6 months
Hard to control anxiety
Adults - 3 or more symptoms
Impairment in daily life
Not meds, drug abuse or condition
Cant be attributed to another condition
What is panic disorder
this means having regular or frequent panic attacks without a clear cause or trigger
How does panic disorder present
Intense fear something is going to happen
Fear accompanied by physiological symptoms
Abrupt onset of 4 of the symptoms
§ Heart palpitations
§ Sweating
§ Dizziness
§ Numbness
§ Chest pain
§ Nausea
§ Fear of death
§ Fear of losing control
§ Feelings of detachment
§ Etc
Disorder requires it to be recurrent, persistent worry, not effects of substance etc
Can result in avoidance
What is a phobia
a phobia is an extreme fear or anxiety triggered by a particular situation (such as going outside) or a particular object (such as spiders).
What is social anxiety disorder
this diagnosis means you experience extreme fear or anxiety triggered by social situations (such as parties, workplaces, or everyday situations where you have to talk to another person). It is also known as social phobia.
What is PTSD
this is a diagnosis you may be given if you develop anxiety problems after going through something you found traumatic. PTSD can involve experiencing flashbacks or nightmares which can feel like you’re re-living all the fear and anxiety you experienced at the time of the traumatic events.
What is OCD
you may be given this diagnosis if your anxiety problems involve having repetitive thoughts, behaviours or urges.
What is health anxiety
this means you experience obsessions and compulsions relating to illness, including researching symptoms or checking to see if you have them. It is related to OCD.
What is body dysmorphic disorder
this means you experience obsessions and compulsions relating to your physical appearance.
What is perinatal anxiety or OCD
some people develop anxiety problems during pregnancy or in the first year after giving birth.
What is perinatal anxiety or OCD
some people develop anxiety problems during pregnancy or in the first year after giving birth.
What is the best way to tx those with anxiety in dentistry
True phobic neurosis requires a lot of attention, can be hostile in behaviour, they want treatment but are unable to coooperate
Tend to have more physical symptoms during LA etc, more symptoms of anxiety and depression
Best way to treat these patients are early appointments and premedications + painless dentistry. Utilise relaxation techniques etc
What is depression
Depression is characterized by depressed or sad mood, diminished interest in activities that used to be pleasurable, weight gain or loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, inappropriate guilt and difficulties concentrating, as well as recurrent thoughts of death.
What are common causes of depression
- Stressful events such as relationship breakdown or bereavement
- Certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem or being overly self-critical
- Family history
- Giving birth
- Loneliness
- Alcohol and drugs
How should we manage px with depression
Want to defer tx until depression is in control but prevention should be given early
Be careful with drugs, antidepressants have drug interactions with lots of drugs
Most common oral complaint is dry mouth due to antidepressants
Antipsychotic medications –> can result in uncontrolled oral musculature movements etc called tardive dyskinesia
What 3 neurotransmitters are implicated in depression
Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
What are the dental implications of depression
- Chronic facial pain
- Burning mouth or sore tongue (oral dysaesthesia)
- Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome
What is tardive dyskinesia
- Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities
- It affects about 15–20% of patients who have been receiving antipsychotics including neuroleptics and atypical antipsychotics for many years, but sometimes only for short periods.
What is psychosis
When people lose some contact with reality.
This might involve seeing or hearing things that other people cannot see or hear (hallucinations) and believing things that are not actually true (delusions).
