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Pharmacology > MENTAL and BEHAVIORAL HEALTH Drugs > Flashcards

MENTAL and BEHAVIORAL HEALTH Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

From moods and emotions flow the various thoughts and actions of
individuals, which are communicated throughout the central nervous
system (CNS) by chemical “Neurotransmitters”

A

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC DRUGS

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2
Q

Refers to the points of contact between
neurons where information is passed from
one neuron to the next.

A

Synapse

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3
Q

MOOD; HAPPY NT/HORMONE

INCREASE- Schizophrenia

DECREASE- Depression
Anxiety

A

SEROTONIN

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4
Q

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE (SNS)

A

EPINEPHRINE

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5
Q

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

Increase- Mania

Decrease- Depression

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

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6
Q

PLEASURE/REWARD
MUSCLE COORDINATION

Increase- Schizophrenia

Decrease- Parkinson’s D.

A

DOPAMINE

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7
Q

Major Inhibitory

Increase- Sedation
Calmness

Decrease- Anxiety

A

GABA (Gamma Amino
Butyric Acid)

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8
Q

REST AND DIGEST (PSNS)
Excitatory
“Learning NT”

Increase- (Same as Ach Drug overdose)

Decrease- Alzheimer’s D.

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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9
Q

Excitatory (to fire action potential)
“Memory NT”

Increase- brain damage
Hyperactivity

Decrease- Concentration
problems

A

GLUTAMATE
(Glutamic Acid)

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10
Q

Used to treat Psychosis (Loss from reality)

A

Anti-Psychotic Drugs (Neuroleptics)

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11
Q

(P.T.B)
- Perception
-Thought
-Behavior

A

Schizophrenia

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12
Q
  1. Hallucination
  2. Illusion
  3. Delusions
  4. 4 A’s:
    AMBIVALENCE
    AUTISM
    Abnormal AFFECT (Blunt affect)
    Abnormal ASSOCIATION
A

“Schizophrenia” Signs and Symptoms”

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13
Q
  1. Typical/Conventional (1st Generation)
    1.1: Phenothiazines
    1.2: Non-Phenothiazines
  2. Atypical (2nd Generation)
    2.1: Clozapine
    2.2: Olanzapine
    2.3: Risperidone
    2.4: Ziprasidone
  3. Dopamine System Stabilizer (DSS)
A

DRUG CATEGORIES FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

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14
Q

**.Dopamine Antagonist
.Positive symptoms
.DRUG SAMPLE: **
1: (“ZINE”)
-Chlorpromazine
-Thorazine

2: (“DOL”)
-Haloperidol (Haldol)

3: (“M.L”)
-Molindone
-Loxapine

A

Typical (Oral)

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15
Q

.Dopamine & Serotonin
Antagonist
.Negative symptoms
(Emotions)
.DRUG SAMPLE:
1: (“PINE”) and (“DONE”)
-Clozapine
- Olanzapine
-Risperidone
-Ziprasidone

Benefit: Less E.P.S

A

Atypical (Oral)

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16
Q

.Stabilizes Dopamine level (Prevents S/S)

.Extrapyramidal symptoms

.Sample drugs: (Ends in (“ZOLE”)
1: ARIPIPRAZOLE
2: BREZPIPRAZOLE

Side Effects:
1. Sedation and N/V

A

3rd Gen: Dopamine System Stabilizer
(Oral)

17
Q

What if there is a problem with compliance?

A

Ans: Give IM/IV anti psychotic meds!

  1. Fluphenazine Decanoate
  2. Chlorpromazine
    Decanoate
  3. Haloperidol Decanoate
  4. Aripiprazole Decanoate

Note: Once a month only…
All IM/IV are ends in DECANOATE!

18
Q

S – edation
A – granulocytosis
D – ry Mouth

C - onstipation
O – rthostatic hypotension
P - Photosensitivity

A

COMMON SIDE EFFECTS:
(SAD COP)

19
Q

.Dystonia
.Akathisia
.Pseudo parkinsonism

A

Extra Pyramidal Syndrome (EPS)

20
Q

Fever
muscle spasm

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
(Most fatal s/e)

21
Q

.Teeth grinding
.Tongue twisting
.Tongue protrusion
.Lip smacking

Note: TD is after 6 mos. taking APM

A

Tardive dyskinesia
(Last side effect)

22
Q

-Used to treat Anxiety and Insomnia

Mechanism of Action:
-Increases GABA (decreases action of neuron)
-Will become calm and relaxed

Common Drugs used:
1.
2.
3.

A

Anxiolytics

1. Benzodiazepine (ending in “LAM”/”PAM”)
2. Barbiturates (Arbitals)
3. Buspirones (no sedation)

23
Q

-Acts fast, not safe for long term used.

Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, sedation

NR: Heart and lungs are slow!
Take at bedtime
No skip doses!

A

Benzodiazepine
Examples:
-Diazepam (Valium)
-Oxazepam (Serax)
-Chlordiazepoxide
(Librium)
-lprazolam (Xanax)
**
**Antidote for toxicity???
-Flumazenil

24
Q

-Lasts longer in the body (3-5 days), takes longer to take out of the body.

Side effects:
-Hypotension
-Longer sedation

A

Barbiturates
Examples: Phenobarbital**

25
Q

-Atypical anxiolytics, less side effects

> Not sedating (Can still drive)
No depressant effect
No withdrawal symptoms (not addictive)
But: Slow effect (2-4 weeks to full effect)

Note:
> Not for acute attack, therefore, should be taken in regular basis

A

Buspirone

26
Q

-Treats Depression

——is a mental disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.
-It affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems.
-May cause Suicidal thoughts

A

Anti Depressants
.Depression

27
Q

Mechanism: Increases the Neuro Transmitters : SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE AND DOPAMINE

A

Anti-Depressant Drugs

28
Q

**Facts: 4-6 weeks see results
Complications: Serotonin syndrome

**mnemonic: Effective For Sadness, Panics, & Compulsions.
Effective – Escitalopram
For – Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine
Sadness – Sertraline
Panic – Paroxetine
Compulsions – Citalopram

**Side Effects:
-Stomach upset (GI upset)
-Sexual dysfunction
-Serotonin syndrome
-Suicidal thoughts
**
Indications:
1. Obsessive compulsive disorder( OCD)
2. Depression( 1st line)
3. Anxiety
4. PTSD

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

29
Q

“SHIVERS”
S-hivering
H-yperreflexia and
Myoclonus
I-ncreased Temperature
V-ital Sign Abnormalities
E-ncephalopathy
R-estlessness
S-weating

A

Serotonin Syndrome

30
Q

Mechanism of Actions:
-Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake blockade

Common SNRIs: _____

SIDE EFFECTS:
“B.A.D S.N.R.I”
B – ody weight decrease
A – norexia
D – ecreased BP

S – uicidal thoughts
N – ausea/vomiting
R – eproductive S.D.
I - nsomnia

A

Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine
duloxetine

31
Q

Inhibits Reuptake of:
-Serotonin &
Norepinephrine
Also acts to: Histamine R. & Muscarinic R.

**SIDE EFFECTS:
TCA’s
T – achycardia
C – ardiac effects (ECG
changes)
A – nticholinergic effects
S – exual
dysfunction/Sedation

Exceptions:
Doxepin
Amoxapine
Maprotiline
Reboxetine

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

-triptyline
Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Protriptyline

-ipramine
Imipramine (Tofranil)
Desipramine
Clomipramine

32
Q

-Action: Inhibits mono Amine Oxidase
-As a result, it increases Serotonin, Norepinephrine and Dopamine

Side Effects: (M.A.O)
Massive HTN crisis Risk
Avoid tyramine
Other antidepressants- avoid

A

Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor
(MAOI)

33
Q
  • **Are a class of medications used in
    the management and treatment
    of bipolar disorder.
  • treats MANIA…**

______ ? A mental health
condition marked by intense mood
changes. Sometimes
very happy (MANIA) and sometimes
very depression.

A

**Mood Stabilizers

Bipolar Disorder**

34
Q

Action: idiopathic, reduces the effect of norepinephrine

Side effects: NAVDA, excessive tears and urination, fine hand tremors

WOF: lithium toxicity (persistent vomiting, profuse diarrhea,lethargy)

Therapeutic range: 0.5-1.5 mEq/L (0.6-1.2 mEq/L)
Toxic range: 1.5-2.0 mEq/L

Nursing Considerations:
- Best taken after meals.
- Therapeutic effects: 10-
14 days
- Increase fluid intake(3L/day) and sodium (3g/day).

Note:
Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) administered if toxicity occurs

A 


Mood stabilizer/Antimanic Agent
- Lithium carbonate( Eskalith) (Lithane)

















35










Q















Mechanism of Action:
- Blockage of voltage dependent sodium channels ( decrease cell excitability, suppresses neuronal firing )
- attenuates glutamate (excitatory)


WOF: agranulocytosis>infection>fever




















A













Carbamazepine















36










Q















Action: Reduce or prevent manic episodes by increasing the amount of a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain.


S/E: 
- Hepatotoxicity!!!!!!
- dry or sore mouth, or 
      swollen gums.
- shakes (tremors) in a 
   part of your body, or 
    unusual eye 
     movements.
- feeling tired or sleepy.
- weight gain.




















A













Valproic Acid






























Pharmacology (5 decks)


























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