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Biology Yr 9 > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are hormones produced?

A

In glands throughout the body

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2
Q

What is the function of LH and where is it produced in the body?

A

(Luteinizing hormone)
Stimulates egg development and oestrogen secretion
Produced in the pituitary gland

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3
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

A

In the brain

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4
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A system of glands that produce hormones

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5
Q

What is the function of FSH and where is it produced in the body?

A

(Follicle stimulating hormone)
Stimulates ovulation
Produced in the pituitary gland

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6
Q

What is the function of ADH and where is it produced in the body?

A

(Antidiuretic hormone)
Controls water content of blood
Produced in the pituitary gland

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7
Q

What is the function of insulin and where is it produced in the body?

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

Produced in the pancreas

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8
Q

What is the function of glucagon and where is it produced in the body?

A

Raises blood sugar levels

Produced in the pancreas

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9
Q

What is the function of adrenaline and where is it produced in the body?

A

Prepares body for physical activity

Produced in the adrenal gland

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10
Q

What is the function of oestrogen and where is it produced in the body?

A

Female secondary sexual characteristics
Repair of endometrium (womb lining)
Produced in ovaries

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11
Q

What is the function of progesterone and where is it produced in the body?

A

Growth of endometrium (womb lining)

Produced in the ovaries

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12
Q

What is the function of testosterone and where is it produced in the body?

A

Male secondary sexual characteristics

Produced in the testes

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13
Q

Differences in the nervous system versus endocrine system

A 
- Form of message
Electrical impulses, neurotransmitters at synapses 
Hormones (chemicals) 
- How it is carried
Neurones
Bloodstream
- Time it takes to happen
Immediate, fast
Slower, takes longer to act 
- Duration of effect 
Short lived
Long lasting
- Effect widespread or local
Very localised
Can be wide spread
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14
Q

What is the purpose of the ovaries?

A

They release eggs once a month

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the oviduct/fallopian tubes?

A

Eggs pass along these tubes and fertilisation occurs here

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the uterus/womb)

A

This is where a fetus develops

17
Q

What is the purpose of the cervix?

A

Entrance to the uterus

18
Q

What is the purpose of the vagina?

A

Where the sperm are received during intercourse and where babies pass through during birth

19
Q

What is the endometrium? What is its function?

A

It is a uterus lining made up of thick tissue with lots of blood vessels.
It provides nutrients and oxygen to implanted embryo

20
Q

What happens in day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstruation

- The lining of the uterus is shed

21
Q

What happens in day 6-13 of the menstrual cycle?

A 
Uterus lining starts to rebuild (activated by oestrogen) 
Egg maturation (activated by FSH)
22
Q

What happens in day 13-15 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation

- An egg is released from an ovary (activated from LH)

23
Q

What happens in day 15-17 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Fertilisation possible

Growth of the endometrium (activated by progesterone)

24
Q

What happens in day 18-28 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Without fertilisation the egg dies

Endometrium breakdown at the end of the cycle

25
Q

Example of three contraceptives

A

Oral
Implant
Patch

26
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical ‘messengers’ that travel in the blood to activate target cells

27
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

When an effect is counteracted (stopped by its own influence)

28
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

When an effect is enhanced by its own influence

29
Q

What does the contraceptive pill contain?

A

The contraceptive pill contains progesterone or oestrogen and progesterone

30
Q

How does the contraceptive pill work?

A

It works, because egg maturation and ovulation are inhibited, therefore fertilisation cannot take place.

31
Q

When using the pill why do you still get your period?

A

This is because it does not effect progesterone and oestrogen, it does not stop the cycle.

32
Q

What does the implant contain and what are its pros and cons?

A

It contains progesterone
Pro - no need to take it every day
Con - insertion underneath the skin and irregular periods

33
Q

What does the patch contain and what are its pros and cons?

A

Contains oestrogen and progesterone
Pro - only every week, not every day
Con - side effects

34
Q

What does the pill contain and what are its pros and cons?

A

Contains progesterone or oestrogen and progesterone
Pro - not painful, less obvious
Con - you easily forget to take the pill

Biology Yr 9 (4 decks)

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