Menses Flashcards
What are the two phases of menstrual cycle? How long do they last?
- Follicular/Proliferative phase Days 1-14
- Luteal/Secretory Phase Days 14-28
ovulation occurs in between
What triggers ovulation
GnRH -> LH/FSH -> estrogen & lil progesterone -> FSH makes follicles in ovary mature -> dominant follicle reaches PEAK estrogen -> LH surge -> follicle releases egg “ovulation” (10-12 hrs after surge)
After the dominant follicle ruptures “ovulation”, it turns into the corpus luteum and secretes high levels of _____
progesterone
prepares the endometrial lining for implantation
where does fertilization occur?
Ampulla
sperm + egg = zygote
the zygote produces _____ to tell the corpus luteum to keep making progesterone for 6-7wks until the placenta can take over progesterone production
human chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG)
Does LCIS or DCIS require surgical excision +/- Radiation d/t it being higher risk for malignant transformation?
DCIS
When is the best time to do a self-breast exam?
Monthly right after your period when progesterone is low and your boobs are less swollen/tender
How often should you get a breast exam?
<40 = q 1-3yrs
40+ = annually
When should you get your 1st mammogram if youre perfectly healthy? how often?
40-74yo q 1-2yrs
30yo Pt has BRCA1/2 gene and their mother got breast cancer at 40yo. Screening reccomendations?
Annual mammogram + MRI
ASAP
Screening rule: annual mammogram + MRI either 10yrs before 1st relative got it or pt is 40+ (whichever comes first)
Chemoprovention indications for high risk patients
Do males with breast cancer who are estrogen receptor (+) get Tamoxifen (SERM) or Letrozole (Aromatase Inhibitor)?
Tamoxifen (MOA: SERM)
just works better than letrozole
“UNILATERAL, raw, scaly, vesicular or ulcerated lesion of nipple and/or areola +/- discharge”
Paget’s Disease of the breast
BILATERAL YELLOW, GREEN, BROWN DISCHARGE from multi ducts in 45-55yo perimenopausal woman
Ductal ectasia
UNILATERAL BLOODY NIPPLE DISCHARGE in 20-40yo
May be clear/yellow
