Menopause - LL Flashcards
Amenorrhea has to be how long to be classified as Menopause?
1 year
Average age of onset of spontaneous menopause?
51
What is surgical menopause?
Premature menopause after bilateral oophorectomy, or chemotherapy, for example.
Classic symptoms of PERIMENOPAUSE:
irregular bleeding, night sweats, hot flashes, dryness, itching, dyspareunia
What labs are helpful in establishing a diagnosis of menopause?
FSH levels increase and estradiol levels decrease as menopause occurs
What medication can you give to help relieve perimenopausal symptoms in the transition time into menopause?
low dose OCP
What is the most predictive test of osteoporosis?
DXA scan
T scores below what value is significant for osteoporosis?
-2.5
What is the principal medication used to relieve hot flashes?
estrogens
If a patient cannot take estrogens but wants something to help with their hot flashes, what can you prescribe?
Progesterone (Provera, Prometrium)
Addition of progestins to hormone therapy can increase a patient’s risk for what type of cancer?
Breast
What non-hormonal medications can be used to relieve hot flashes?
Clonidine, SSRIs, Black Cohosh
Are recommended calcium supplement levels higher or lower after the age of 51?
Higher! >1200 mg/d
What benefits can Ca supplementation have when taken during pregnancy?
Prevent preeclampsia, decrease risk for gestational HTN
Individuals at risk for or who have been diagnosed with osteoporosis should be advised to consume adequate calcium of how much?
minimum of 1200 mg elemental calcium per day
