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sex and repro > menopause HRT > Flashcards

menopause HRT Flashcards

1
Q

signs and symptoms of hypoestrogenic state

A

menstrual cycle alterations (dysfunctional bleeding)

hot flashes
mood/sleep/acute cognitive changes

UG symptoms
CV disease
Osteoporosis

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2
Q

indications for non hormonal

A

m

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3
Q

cessation of menstruation for ______ year (s)= menopause

A

1

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4
Q

menopause before 40 is

A

premature ovarian failure

Savage syndrome

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5
Q

FSH goes up or down with menopause?

A

up up up because of lack of negative feedback

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6
Q

maximum germ cells at what week?

A

20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

why does estrogen, progesterone decline?

A

decrease in granulosa cells

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8
Q

pure antagonists or partial antagonists take advantage of the fact that

A

Estrogen receptors can be fully activated, partially activated, not activated

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9
Q

irregular bleeding

A

endometrial hyperplasia risk

put on low dose OCP

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10
Q

hot flashes

A

most common symptom 3-5 years into menopause

25% beyond 5 years

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11
Q

why do hot flashes occur?

A

increased core body, skin blood flow, heart rate

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12
Q

who gets the most hot flashes?

A

african american

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13
Q

ERT and HRT within 2-3 weeks help reduce severity of

A

hot flashes

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14
Q

alternative approaches to hot flashes

A

lifestyle

clonidine

megestrol

SSRI/SNRI

Vitamin E, dong quai, black cohash

Phytoestrogens

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15
Q

sleep quality affected by

A

hot flashes and sleep makes the mood worse

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16
Q

cystocele, rectocele, prolapse increase as

A

vagina and vulvar epithelium thins

17
Q

when does vaginal dryness occur?

A

1-3 years post menopausal

18
Q

estriol is E

A

E1, formed with enzymes from adrenal of fetus

19
Q

estrone is E produced

A

E3 in adipose, MOST COMMON DURING MENOPAUSE peripherally

20
Q

estradiol is E and is the

A

E2 most common, from the dominant follicle/corpus luteum

21
Q

micronized 17beta estradiol forms?

A

tablet, cream, patch, ring

22
Q

micronized progesterone is

A

natural

23
Q

breaking down more bone than making it leading to less dense bone

A

osteoporosis

24
Q

why does calcium not work with Ca supplements

A

stromal structure that holds the calcium gets less dense. Existing bone is stronger but doesn’t reduce risk of breaking from stromal insufficiency

25
Q

what affects survivability of patients with osteoporosis

A

breaking a hip (50* mortality)

26
Q

osteopenia

A

loss of bone but no increase of fracture, not as raised T score (middle score)

27
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A

steroids
smoking
family hx

28
Q

reduce osteoporosis

A 
high BMI
current estrogen
alcohol use
former estrogen
Regular estrogen
29
Q

osteoporosis management for normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis

A

osteopenia without fracture hx: no tx

osteopenia with fracture hx: treat

osteoporosis: treat

30
Q

SERM medication to reduce vertebral fractures and breast CA risk

A

Raloxifene

31
Q

primary tx for osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

32
Q

med for severe osteoporosis or unable to use other

A

PTH

33
Q

supplements

A

Calcium and Vitamin D

34
Q

cohort study?

A

longitudinal of group with same characteristics

35
Q

ERT/HRT on lipids previous studies/previous thoughts on HRT and CAD

A

helps prevent CAD

36
Q

WHI study conversely proved though that estrogen tx and CAD relationship

A

increase CAD

37
Q

issues with the LDL plaque?

A

it necroses, and increases thrombosis and risk of MI

38
Q

basically what’s the deal with estrogen replacement and CAD

A

estrogen started for those going through menopause earlier (younger age) may help prevent MI/CAD

39
Q

thromboembolism and estrogen administration route:

A

transdermal less risk than oral

sex and repro (9 decks)

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