Menopause Flashcards
Define menopause
permanent natural cessation of menstruation= due to loss of ovarian
function. 12 consecutive months of Amenorrhoea without any other pathological cause.
average menopausal age
51 years old
range of menopausal age
40-55y/o
explain pathophysiology of how menopause occurs
- follicular development failure,
- drop in oestradiol
3.cessation of menstruation .
> OESTRONE (formed by peripheral conversion of androgens) Main PM
oestrogen
FSH and LH levels are raised = NO negative feedback mechanism
Define menopausal transition
time between the start of irregular menses & very LMP
Early phase of menopausal transition
variable menses
differs 7+ days from norm.
Late phase of menstrual transition X4
> increased cycle length, irregular
60 days min Amenorrhea
FSH 25+ IU/L [D3]
Decreased AMH
Vasomotor symptoms
define Perimenopause
menopausal transition + 1
year after FMP
- Hx- irregular
Define Post menopause
starts from the FMP (final) and continues for life.
>FSH 30+ IU/L
Define POI
[Primary Ovarian insufficiency]
- AKA premature
menopause - cessation of menses
before 40 yo - Increased FSH levels
Indications of ovarian reserve
- AMH
2.
list of p/c in menopause
- vasomotor X3
- physiological X4
- Urogenital X3
- other- X4
list of vasomotor symptoms
1.hot flushes
2. night sweats
3. insomnia
define hot flushes
recurrent transient periods of sweating/ sensation of heat and +- chills.
> 30sec to 5min
>head, neck, chest
>red skin, clammy, anxiety, palpitations.
> 4-10 yr duration
- early onset= longer duration
Define Night sweats
hot flush @ night
affects sleep.
> daytime fatigue
pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms
- decre. estrogen
- Affects Hypoth. thermoreg. centre.
- changes in core temp= triggers vasodilat. & sweating
List of physiological symptoms in menopause
- mood swings, irritable
- depression
- LO conc.
- Poor memory
pathophysiology of physiological symptoms
declining estrogen and progesterone lead to dysregulation of NT–>mood instability
