Meningitis and MS Flashcards
what is multiple sclerosis?
autoimmune progressive demyelination of the central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
risk factors for MS
female sex
living in temperate climate
genetic predisposition
smoking
epstein barr virus
lower vitamin D
changes that come with MS
both sensory and motor changes
exacerbations and remissions
signs and symptoms of MS
depends on location of lesions
- fatigue and pain are the big ones
- weakness, numbness in the limbs
- ataxia, poor coordination, dizziness
- visual disturbances
- cognitive changes
- bladder, bowel, sexual dysfunction
diagnosing MS
MRI
Lumbar Puncture
Evoked potential test
MS medical management goals
treat exacerbations
delay symptom progression
MS medical management
immunomodulators
- monoclonal antibodies
beta interferons
glatiramer acetate
injection and PO meds
MS medical management of acute exacerbations
corticosteroids
plasmapheresis - dialysis cath places, plasma removed and infused with antibody free plasma
managing mobility in MS
assess motor/sensory function
medications - baclofen, benzos
stretching, ROM, ambulation
assistive devices for fall prevention
pace activity and rest periods
respiratory toileting if immobility occurs
pain management for MS
NSAIDs
Anticonvulsants
opioids
topical pain interventions
fatigue management for MS
evaluate causes of fatigue
activity encouraged with frequent rest to avoid fatigue
limit electronics before bed for better sleep
why do we want to avoid fatigue and heat for MS?
fatigue and high body temp can exacerbate symptoms
managing urinary dysfunction in MS
- anticholinergic meds for urgency
- toilet schedule, empty bladder regularly
- bedpan or urinal accessible
- intermittent cath
- urinary diversion
managing bowel dysfunction in MS
- fluids
- fiber
- bowel training
- laxatives, stool softeners
general nursing management of MS
communication
prevent aspiration
optimize vision
psychosocial support
home management
promote sexual function
