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ANA 6 > Meninges and Ventricular system > Flashcards

Meninges and Ventricular system Flashcards

0
Q

layers of meninges

A

Dura matter
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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1
Q

connective tissue membranes that invest the brain and the SC

A

Meninges

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2
Q

most substantial of the meninges

A

dura mater

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3
Q

dura mater is

A 
mad up of dense CT 
encloses SC and cauda equina via cont of meningeal layer
cont above through foramen magnum
ends in filum terminale at lower S2
contains loose areolar CT
separated from wall by Extradural space
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4
Q

Spaces in cranial meninges

A 
Epidural ( b/w dura and Calvaria)
Subdural (inner most dural layer nera dura arachniod)
Sub arachnoid ( CSF filled, enlarged in cisterns)
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5
Q

lerge endothelium lined spaces b/w periosteal and meningeal layer sof dura mater

A

venous sinuses

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6
Q

Inner surface of the cranium, not continous with the dura mater of SC, comtinuous with periosteum and reaches foramen magnum

A

Endosteal/ periosteal layer

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7
Q

dense strong fibrous membrane covering the brain that is continuous with the dura mater of SC
Provides tubular sheaths for cranial nerves

A

meningeal layer

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8
Q

sickle shape fold of dura mater dividing the cerebral hemispheres. From internal frontal crest and Crista galli to internal occipital protuberance and becomes continuous with the tentorium cerebri. Encloses superior sagittal sinus

A

Falx Cerebri

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9
Q

uon of inferior sagittal sinus and Great cerebral vein of agalen

A

Straight sinus

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10
Q

crescent shape fold of dura mater that roofs over the posterior cranial fossa covering upper surface of cerebellum and supporting occipital lobes

A

tentorium crebelli

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11
Q

transverse membrane that attaches posteriorly and laterally (skull at transverse sinus) and anteriorly (petrous portion of temporal bone)

A

tentorium cerebelli

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12
Q

separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

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13
Q

contains the cerebrum; CN 1,2

A

Supratentorial compartment

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14
Q

contains brainstem and cerebellum; CN 3-12

A

Infratentorial compartment

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15
Q

large opening that allows passage of the upper brainstem aqueduct and vessels

A

Incisur tentorii

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16
Q

three sinuses housed by tentorium cerebelli

A

Straight sinus
Transverse sinus and
Superior petrossal sinus

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17
Q

located b/w the cerebellar hemispheres attatched to internal occipital crest. from the internal occipital protuberance to foramen magnum attached below tentorium cerebelli

A

Falx Cerebelli

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18
Q

what sinus is housed by the Falx Cerebelli

A

Occipital sinus

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19
Q

Connects the clinoid attatchments of Tentorium cerebelli and roofs the sella turcica

A

Diaphragma Sella

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20
Q

Dural nerve supply

A

CN 5, 10
First three cervical spinal nerves
Branches of sympathetic trunk
Sensory endings of CN 5

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21
Q

referred pain to the area of the skin to the same side of the head

A

above tentorium cerebelli

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22
Q

referred pain to the neck and back of scalp along dist of greater occipital nerve

A

Below tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

Dural arterial Supply

A 
ICA
Maxillary A. (branch of ECA)
   Middle meningeal A
Ascending pharyngeal A
Occipital a
Vertebral a
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24
Q

most important artery that enters the cranial cavity troug foramen magnum

A

Middle Meningeal A

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25
Q

landmark for middle meningeal A

A

Pterion

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26
Q

Dural Venous drainage

A

Meningeal Veins (endosteal layer of Dura)

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27
Q

where does meningeal veins drain into?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

Sphenoparietal sinus

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28
Q

recieve blood from brain through the cerebral veins and CSF from sub arachnoid space and ultimately drains to IJV. No valves

A

Dural Venous Sinus

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29
Q

emergency veins which connects dural venous sinuses with diploic veins of skull ang scalp. No valves

A

Emissary Veins

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30
Q

weblike membrane of reticular fibers, impermeable and covered with flattened epithelial cells

A

Arachnoid mater

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31
Q

does the arachnoid mater dips into the sulci?

A

No

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32
Q

T/F Arachnoid mater fuses with the epinurium

A

True

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33
Q

Arachnoid mater + Pia Mater

A

Leptomeninges

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34
Q

T/F Arachnoid mater of the brain is not continuous with the SC

A

False

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35
Q

separates Arachnoid mater from Dura mater

A

subdural space

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36
Q

separates Arachnoid mater from pia mater

A

subarachnoid space

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37
Q

formed when arachnoid mater and pia mater are separated widely

A

subarachnoid cisternae

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38
Q

Lies b/w the inferiorsurface of the cerebellum and root of 4th ventricle. largerst cranial cistern

A

Cisterna cerebellomedularis/ Cisterna magna

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39
Q

lies b/w cerebral peuncles

A

Cisterna interpeduncularis

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40
Q

lies superior to Pituitary glans

A

suprasella cistern

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41
Q

extension of superior cistern connecting tot he interpeduncular cistern

A

ambient cistern

42
Q

surrounds ventral aspect of the pons

A

Prepontine cistern

43
Q

Superior cistern contains :

A

Great v of Galen
Posterior Cerebral A
Superior Cerebral a

44
Q

extends from conus medularis to level of S2 containing filum terminale and roots of cauda equina

A

Lumbar cistern

45
Q

T/F Lumbar puncture is done on the Lumbar cistern

A

True

46
Q

major site where CSF diffuses into the blood stream

A

Arachnoid granulations

47
Q

groups of arachid villi

A

pacchonian granulation

48
Q

small stands of collagenous CT covered with fibroblast like arachnoid cells . suspends brain w/in meninges

A

Arachnoid Trabeculae

49
Q

vascular membrane covered with flattened mesothelial cells investing in the gyri and sulci and following its contours in brain

A

Pia Mater

50
Q

inner layer of pia mater adhering to underlying nervous tissue that is avascular where cerebral vessels lie on its surface

A

Intima Pia

51
Q

superficial layer formed by a meshwork of collagenous fiber cont with arachnoid bundle where BV of SC lie

A

Epipial Layer

52
Q

thickened side of nerve root passing laterally to adhere to the arachnoid and dura

A

ligamentum denticulum

53
Q

T/F SC is suspended in themiddle of dural sheath

A

True

54
Q

cuffs surrounding the arteries formed by invaginatins on Pia mater

A

Perivascular space / Virchow robin Space

55
Q

condensation kf Pia mater at the region of Conus medularis

A

Filum terminale

56
Q

filum terminale invested by dura mater and continous as

A

coccygeal ligament

57
Q

roffs the 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

Tela Choroidea

58
Q

Tela choroidea+ ependyma

A

Choroid plexus

59
Q

Summary of Cranial meninges

A

Dura mater: double layered att to calvaria surface
Epidural space: b/w periosteum & calvaria
Arachnoid: att to inner surface of Dura
Pia : Attatched to CNS surface

60
Q

Summary of Spinal Meninges

A

Dura mater: single layered sus in vertebral canal
Epidural space:real space
arachnoid: att to inner surface of Dura
Pia: Attached to CNS and elonfates as dentate lgament

61
Q

communicating system of cavities lined with ependyma and filled with CSF

A

Ventricular system

62
Q

occupy lower medial portion of cerebral hemispheres

A

Lateral ventricles

63
Q

serves as communication b/w lateral ventricles and 3rd centricles

A

Lateral foramen of Monro

64
Q

communicates with 4th ventricle

A

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

65
Q

Ventricular system extend to the SC as

A

Central canal

66
Q

Meningeal artery and vein bursts due to blow to the side of the head. Spread is limited and there is lens shape b/w layers

A

Epidural Hematoma

67
Q

tearing of Sup cerebral Veins by blowing of head in front having acute and chronic forms and a crescent shape between dura and arachnoid layers

A

Subdural Hematoma

68
Q

Body of Lateral Ventricles

A

Location: parietal lobe
Roof: Under surface of Corpus Callosum
Medial wall: Posterior portion of septum Pellucidum
Floor:Formix, Choroid plexus, Thalamus, Stria Terminalis, vena Terminalis, caudate nucleus

69
Q

Anterior/ Frontal Horn of Lateral ventricles

A

Location:Frontal lobe
Roof: anterior part of corpus callosum
Medial wall: Septum pellucidum ant column of for ix
Floor: Head of caudate nucleusa

70
Q

Posterior / occipital horn of lateral ventricle

A

Location: Occipital lobe
Roof and lateral wall: tepetum of corpus callosum
Medial wall:splenium of corpus callosum
Floor: calcar avis by the calcarine sulcus

71
Q

Inferior / temporal horn of lateral ventricle

A

Location: temporal lobe
Roof: Tapetum of corpus callosum
Floor: fimbria hippoocampus, collateral eminence

72
Q

confluence of the three horns of lateral ventricle

A

Atriun (trigone)

73
Q

T/F There is choroid plexus in anterior and posterior horns

A

False

74
Q

medial aspect of lateral ventricles

A

Choroid plexus

75
Q

attachment of plexus to structures

A

Tela choroidea

76
Q

3rd ventricle parts

A

Roof:Tela Choroidea & Choroid Location:
lateral wall: medial surface of two thalami
Floor:hypothalamus ant commissure
Rostral limit: lamina terminalis

77
Q

T/F Choroid plexus is not present on Cerebral aqueduct of sylvis.

A

True

78
Q

tent shaped cavity b/brainstem and cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

79
Q

median aperture piercing the roof of 4th ventricle

A

Foramen of Magendie

80
Q

lateral aperture that opens the 4th ventricle anteriorly

A

Foramen of Luschka

81
Q

4th ventricle

A

Roof: Cerebellum, choroid plexus
Floor: superior half of medulla and pons

82
Q

opens superiorly into 4th ventricles expanding into TERMINAL VENTRICLE in conus medularis having no choroid plexus

A

Central Canal of SC

83
Q

Cushions and protects CNS against mechanical trauma and possesses inorganic salts

A

CSF

84
Q

secretes CSF

A

choroid plexus

85
Q

Trace flow of CSF

A

Choroid Plexus ➡️ Lat ventricle ➡️ interventricular foramen of monro➡️ 3rd ventricle ➡️ cerebral aqueduct of sylvius ➡️ 4th ventricle ➡️ foramen of magendie and lushka ➡️ arachnoid granulations

86
Q

diverticulum of sub arachnoid space which controls CSF pressure

A

Arachnoid villi

87
Q

Isolate brain tissue from blood and CSF

A

BBB Blood Brain Barrier

88
Q

Proportionality of BBB in relation to size of molecules and permeability

A

Inversely

89
Q

Components of Blood brain barrier

A

Endothelial cells containing tight junctions
Basement membrane
Foot process of astrocytes

90
Q

Areas having no BBB

A 
Pineal body
Subfornical organs
Organum vasculosum
Neurohypophysis
Area postrema
Hypothalamus
91
Q

Abnormal increase in CSF within skull

A

Hydrocephalus

92
Q

Raised CSF pressure is due to

A 
Excessive formation (tumor of choroid plexus)
Blockage of circulation (in the ventricles)
Diminished absorption (inflammatory exudate, venous thrombosis, obstruction of IJ vein)
93
Q

When there is inc CSF formation but normal CSF pressure

A

Compensatory hypoplasia or atrophy of brain

94
Q

Type of hydrocephalus where there is no obstruction within or to the outflow. CSF freely reaches subarachnoid space

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

95
Q

Type of hydrocephalus where there is blockage between formation and exit

A

Non-communicating hydrocephalus

96
Q

Free passage of water, gasses, lipid soluble substances however macromolecules would be unable to enter

A

Blood CSF Barrier

97
Q

Components of Blood CSF Barrier

A

Endothelial cells with pseudofenestrations
BM
Scattered flat cells with flat processes
Another BM
Choroidal Epithelial cells and tight junctions

98
Q

semi permeable barrier that protect the brain and SC from potentially harmful substances

A

Blood CSF Barrier

99
Q

T/ FBilirubin freely enter CNS in newborn

A

TRUE

100
Q

Breakdown of BBB hence diffusion of large molecules into nervous tissue

A

Brain trauma

101
Q

Meninges become more permeable permitting sufficient antibiotic to reach infection

A

Meningitis

102
Q

Possess blood vessels that have no BBB allowing spread of these __________

A

Tumors

ANA 6 (4 decks)

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