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ANA 6 > CNS Dev't > Flashcards

CNS Dev't Flashcards

0
Q

neurulation occurs until

A

Day 28

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1
Q

entire process of neural fold formation, elevation, and closure

A

neurulation

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2
Q

appearance of notocord and precordial mesoderm induces overlying ectoderm to thicken forming

A

neural plate

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3
Q

How is neural fold formed

A

lateral edges of the neural plate begins to elevate

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4
Q

depressed region in the midline of neural plate

A

Neural grove

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5
Q

neural folds fused midline

A

neural tube

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6
Q

neural tube opens posteriorly and anteriorly called

A

neuropores

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7
Q

closes by day 25

A

anterior (cranial) neuropore

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8
Q

closes by day 28

A

posterior (caudal) neuropore

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9
Q

Complete neurulation

A

closure of posterior neuropore

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10
Q

CNS with T-shaped form is having an

A

Elongated caudal end

Broader cranial end

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11
Q

3 vesical stage

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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12
Q

Flexures present during 27 days

A

Cephalic

Cervical

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13
Q

5 Vesical stage

A

prosencephalon : Telencephalon (lateral ventricle, cerebral hemisphere) & Diencephalon (3rd ventricle and thalamus, hypothalamus)
Mesencephalon: Aqueduct of Sylvius (tectum, crus cerebri)
Rhombencephalon :Metenceohalon ( upper 4th vent, pons& cerebellum) Mesencephalon (lower 4th vent, medulla)

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14
Q

separates Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon

A

Rhombocephalic isthmus

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15
Q

Junction of the hindbrain and SC ; disappears at 4th month

A

Cervical Flexure

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16
Q

Flexure at midbrain region; disappears at 3 vesical stage

A

Cephalic flexure

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17
Q

between Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

A

Pontine Flexure

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18
Q

Cavity of cerebral hemispheres

A

lateral ventricles

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19
Q

Communicates the lateral ventricle with 3rd ventricle

A

Interventricular foramina of. monroe

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20
Q

cavity of diencephalon

A

third ventricles

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21
Q

lumen of mesencephalon ;connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

A

aqueduct of sylvius

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22
Q

Cavity of rhombencephalon

A

4th ventricle

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23
Q

lumen of Sc

A

central canal

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24
Q

collection of neuroepithelial cells which extends the entire wall and forms

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

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25
Q

further differentiation of neuroblasts and makes up the grey matter of SC having a large round nucleus and pale nucleoplasm

A

Mantle layer

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26
Q

continous addition of neuroblasts to mantle layer results to

A

Ventral and Dorsal thickening

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27
Q

Sensory area formed from dorsal thickening of the neural tube

A

Alar plate

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28
Q

motor area formed by ventral thickening

A

Basal plate

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29
Q

boundary of basal and alar plates

A

Sulcus Limitans

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30
Q

midline of neural tube serves as pathway for nerve fibers

A

Roof and Floor plates

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31
Q

small group of neurons accumulating between sensory and motor plates

A

intermediate horn

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32
Q

outermost layer of SC that comproses the white matter and is myelinated

A

Marginal layer

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33
Q

has transient dendrites that are lost when entering mantle later

A

neuroblast/ primitive nerve cells

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34
Q

temporary round cell

A

Apolar neuroblast

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35
Q

2 cytoplasmic processes on opposite cite of cell body

A

Bipolar neuroblasts

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36
Q

Has primitive axon and primitive dendrites

A

multiplar neuroblasts

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37
Q

axons in the basal plate penetrate the marginal layer and become visible on ventral aspect of cord

A

ventral motor root of spinal nerve

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38
Q

axons in alar plate penetrate marginal layers and ascend or descend as

A

association neuron

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39
Q

formed when neuroblast production ceases and migrate fr neuroepithelial layer to mantle and marginal

A

Glial blast

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40
Q

glialblast in mantle and is seen b/w blood vessels

A

protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrillar astrocytes

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41
Q

glialblast migrated to marginal layers and forms myelin sheath

A

Ologodendrial cells

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42
Q

from vascular mesenchyme and is highly phagocytic

A

microglial cells

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43
Q

when neuroepithelial cells ceases to produce neuroblasts, seen in central canal of SC

A

ependymal cells

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44
Q

from cells that dissociate from the lateral border of the elevated fused neural fold during the elevation of neural plate and gives rise to sensory ganglia

A

neural crest cells

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45
Q

penetrate dorsal portion of the neural tube in the dorsal horn ans ascend to marginal layers

A

Centrally growing ( dorsal sensory root)

46
Q

joins fibers of ventral motor roots to form trunk of spunal nerve

A

peripherally growing processes

47
Q

present during 4th mo of fetal life and myelinate perioheral nerves forming neurolemma or neural sheath derived from neural crest cells

A

schwann cells

48
Q

myelinate fibers in SC derived from glialblasts

A

Oligodendrial cells

49
Q

Changes in the 3rd month of devt

A

SC extend entire length of embryo

Spinal nerves emerging fr respective intervertebral foramina at level of origin

50
Q

terminal end of the cord during birth

A

L2-L3

51
Q

terminal end of the cord during adult

A

L1-L2

52
Q

threadlike extension of Pia matter at end of SC; marks the regression of SC and supports the cord

A

filum terminale

53
Q

covered with dura extending from S2 to coccyx

A

coccygeal ligament

54
Q

nerve fibers below end of cord

A

cauda equina

55
Q

gives rise to medulla oblongata

A

Myelencephalon

56
Q

includes CN12 supplying tongue

A

Median somatic efferent of Basal plate of myelencephalon

57
Q

includes the CN 6,9,10 supplying striated m of pharyngeal arches

A

Intermediate special visceral efferent

58
Q

include the involuntary ms of respiratory tract, GIT and ❤️

A

lateral general visceral efferent of basal nuclei of myelencephalon

59
Q

recieves interoceptive info from GIT and ❤️

A

medial general visceral afferent of alar plate of mylencephalon

60
Q

recieves impulses fr taste buds, oropharynx, epiglottis, Cn8 for hearing and balance

A

intermediate special viscreal afferent of alar plate of myelencephalon

61
Q

recieves pain touch and sensory from pharynx and CN9

A

lat somatic visceral afferent of alar plate of myelencephalon

62
Q

vascular mesenchyme covering roof plate

A

pia matter

63
Q

pia matter + roof plate

A

tela choroidea

64
Q

tuft like invaginations that produce CSF

A

choroid plexus

65
Q

forms the cerebellum (pathway for posture) and pons (pathway for nerve fibers)

A

Metencephalon

66
Q

gives rise to nucleus of CN6

A

medial somatic afferent of basal plate of metencephalon

67
Q

contain nuclei of CN5&7

A

Intermediate special visceral efferent of basal plate of metencephalon

68
Q

supply submandibular and sublingual glands

A

lateral general visceral efferent of basal plate of metencephalon

69
Q

dorsolateral part of alar plates bending medially

A

Rhombic lips

70
Q

formed when potine flexure deepens and rhomben lips are compressed at 12th wk of devt

A

cerebellar plate

71
Q

cerebellar plate contains:

A 
Vermis ( small midline portion below ant and post colliculi)
Cerebellar Hemisphere (two lateral portions alongside  vermis)
Flocculonodular lobe (primitive part of cerebellum)
72
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

73
Q

represented by CN3&4 innervationg eye muscles

A

Medial somatic efferent of basal plate of mesencephalon

74
Q

bby nucleus of Edinger-Westphal innervating sphincter pupillary muscle

A

General Visceral efferent of basal plate of mesencephalon

75
Q

pathway for nerve fibers from cerebral cortex to lower center in pons and SC

A

Crus cerebri

76
Q

part of alar plate of mesencephalon that fxn as correlatuon and reflex center for visual impulses

A

ant (sup) colliculus

77
Q

synaptic relay for auditory reflexes

A

post(inferior) colliculi

78
Q

develop fr median portion of prosencephalon and 1 roof plate and 2 alar plate and no floor or basal plate

A

Diencephalon

79
Q

most caudal part of roof plate appearing as ep thickening which channels through light and dark affect behavioral rhythms

A

Pineal body or epiphysis

80
Q

dorsal region of alar plate

A

thalamus

81
Q

fusion of right and left thalamic regions

A

massa intermedia or interthalamic connexus

82
Q

ventral region of alar plate which diff into nuclear areas that regulates visceral fxns including sleep

A

hypotahlamus

83
Q

distinct protuberance on ventral surface of hypothalamus

A

mamillary body

84
Q

from ectodermal outpcketing and floor of dienceohalon

A

piyuitary gland

85
Q

most rostral or anterior of brain vescicles

A

Telencephalon

86
Q

consist of 2 lat cerebral hemispheres and median lamina

A

telencephalon

87
Q

lateral ventricles communiacte with lumen of diencephalon via

A

interventricular foramina of Monro

88
Q

arise at the beggining of 5thweek of devt

A

cerebral hemispheres

89
Q

repidly growing region with striations

A

corpus striatum

90
Q

two divisions of corpus striatum

A 
Lentiform nucleus (ventrolateral portion)
Caudate nucleus (dorsolateral portion)
91
Q

forms at roof of hemisphere but protrudes to lateral ventricle

A

Choroid plexus

92
Q

above the choroidal fissure bulges into kateral ventricles and fxns in olfaction

A

Hippocampus

93
Q

Cerebral hemispheres grow into:

A

Anterior (frontal lobe)
Dorsal (temporal lobe)
Inferior(occipital lobe)

94
Q

depressed area b/w frontal and temporal lobe

A

Insular lobes

95
Q

originates from pallium

A

Cerebral cortex

96
Q

regions of cerebral cortex

A

palleopalium (immediately lateral to corpus striatum)

neopallium(in b/w palleopaliumun and hippocampus)

97
Q

fiber bundles lining midline connecting L and R halves of hemisphere

A

commisure

98
Q

appears on 19th week and connects non olfactory area of R and L cerebral cortices

A

Corpus Callosum

99
Q

results to continous expansion of neopallium

A

corpus callosum

100
Q

fibers connecting olfactory bulb and related brain areas to one hemisphere of opposite side

A

anterion commisure

101
Q

arise in hippocampus converging to lamina terminalis

A

hippocampal or fornix comissiure

102
Q

below the stalk of pineal gland

A

habenular commisure

103
Q

aooear on rostral wall of diencephalom

A

optic chiasm

104
Q

incomplete development of ventral arches

A

spina Bifida

105
Q

what prevents spina bifida

A

folic acid

106
Q

defectin vertebral arches still covered by skin and does not involve underlying neural tissue

A

Spina bifida occulta

107
Q

Severe NTD defect in neural tissues

A

Spina bifida cystica

108
Q

NT defect in which only fluid filled meninges bulge through; affected occipital bone is smal

A

meningoceole

109
Q

another ossification defect wherein meninges and part of the brain are herniated throughout the skull

A

meningomyelocoele

110
Q

failure of the neural tube to close the remaining as flattened mass or neural tissue. exposes neural tissues making it susceptible to infection

A

rachishisis

111
Q

spectrum of abnormalities due to loss of midline structures resulting to malformations of brain and face ; frontal loves and basal ganglia fused

A

Holoprosencephaly

112
Q

large clefts extending from cortex to ventricle sometimes causing loss of brain tissue; mutation in homeobox EMX2

A

Schizencephaly ( open or closed )

113
Q

NTD characterized by sac like protussions of brain and membranes covering it. Caused by failure of neural tube to close. classified to meningocoele, encephalocoele, naso orbital, naso ethmoidal, and overlapping of such

A

encephalocoele

ANA 6 (4 decks)

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