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Neuroscience Module 3 > Meninges and CSF > Flashcards

Meninges and CSF Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous fluid-filled system

A

Ventricular System

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2
Q

The Ventricular System is composed of

A

o Lateral Ventricles
o 3rd Ventricle
o 4th Ventricle
o Central Canal

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3
Q

BRAIN MENINGES
T or F:

The dura mater of the brain is formed from 2 layers.

A

TRUE

dura mater of the brain
outer periosteal layer
inner meningeal layer

single layer over spinal cord
epidural space between dural sheath and spinal cord

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4
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

middle cob-web layer

A

Arachnoid

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5
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

inner most delicate areolar connective tissue

A

pia mater

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6
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

ordinary periosteum covering the inner surface of the skull bones

A

endosteal layer

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7
Q

True of the Endosteal Layer

A. It does not extend through the foramen magnum to become continuous with the dura mater of the spinal cord

B. Around the margins of all the foramina it becomes continuous with the periosteum on the outside of the skull bones

C. At the sutures it is continuous with sutural ligaments

D. AOTA

A

D. AOTA

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8
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

The dura mater proper is the

A

Meningeal layer

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9
Q

Sickle- shaped fold of dura mater that lies in the midline between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx Cerebri

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10
Q

A small sickle- shaped fold of dura mater that is attached to the internal occipital crest and projects forward between the 2 cerebellar hemispheres .

A

Falx cerebelli

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11
Q

Small circular fold of dura mater that forms the roof for sella turcica

A

Diaphragma Sellae

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12
Q

T or F:

Dural nerve supply is sensitive to stretching which produces the sensation of headache.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Dural nerve supply

A

Branches of the trigeminal, vagus, & first 3 cervical nerves and branches from the sympathetic system pass to the dura

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14
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Dural arterrial supply

A

Branches of the trigeminal, vagus, & first 3 cervical nerves and branches from the sympathetic system pass to the dura

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15
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

The most important arterial supply which arise from the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa

A

middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Meningeal veins lie in the

A

endosteal layer of dura

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17
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Delicate impermeable membrane covering the brain and lying between the pia internally and the dura externally

A

Arachnoid mater

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18
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

The arachnoid mater is separated from the pia mater by

A

the subarachnoid space which is filled by CSF

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19
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Serve as sites where the CSF diffuse into the bloodstream

A

Arachnoid villi

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20
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Aggregations of arachnoid villi are referred as

A

arachnoid granulations

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21
Q

BRAIN MENINGES

Vascular membrane that covers the gyri and descending into the deepest sulci

A

Pia mater

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22
Q

T or F:

The cerebral arteries entering the brain carry a sheath of pia with them.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

SC MENINGES

continuous with dura mater of brain

A

Dura mater of the SC

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24
Q

SC MENINGES

Between dura mater and wall of vertebral column is epidural space filled with

A

Areolar connective tissue and blood vessels

25
Q

SC MENINGES

Adheres to surface of spinal cord and brain

A

Pia mater of the SC

26
Q

SC MENINGES
T or F:
Spinal cord is suspended in middle of dural sheath

A

True

27
Q

SC MENINGES

The SC is suspended by extensions of pia mater called

A

Denticulate ligaments

28
Q

SC MENINGES
T or F:
Laterally, spinal dura mater is continuous with the epineurium of spinal nerve at intervertebral foramina.

A

True

29
Q

SC MENINGES
T or F:
The SC arachnoid mater is continuous with cerebral arachnoid mater

A

TRUE

30
Q

SC MENINGES

An extension of pia beyond conus medullaris

A

Filum terminale

31
Q

SC MENINGES

How many pairs of triangular denticulate ligaments are there extending from the pia mater on each side to the dura sac

A

21 pairs

32
Q

SC MENINGES

3 spaces between the 3 coverings

A

Epidural space
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space

33
Q

SC MENINGES

Largest part of the subarachnoid space extending from termination of the spinal cord to the level of S2(L2-S2)

A

Terminal cistern

34
Q

Formed mainly in the choroid plexuses of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles

A

CSF

35
Q

Rate of secretion of CSF

A

0.5ml per min

36
Q

Total CSF volumes:

A

Adult 85 - 150 ml
Neonate 10 - 60 ml
Adult Rate of Formation 500 ml/day
Turn over = 20 mL/hour

37
Q

Flow of CSF

A

Lateral ventricles —> third ventricle through the interventricular foramina –> fourth ventricle through the narrow cerebral aqueduct —> median aperture and the lateral foramina of the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle —> subarachnoid space —> cerebellomedullary cistern and pontine cisterns —> tentorial notch of the tentorium cerebelli to reach the inferior surface of the cerebrum

38
Q

2 communicating parts of the CSF circulation

A

Internal portion of the system
two lateral ventricles, the interventricular foramens, the third ventricle, the cerebral aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle

External part
subarachnoid spaces and cisterns

Communication between the internal and external portions occurs through the apertures of the fourth ventricle

39
Q

Main sites for the absorption of the CSF

A

Arachnoid villi

40
Q

Normal pressure of the CSF

A

10mmHg

41
Q

Accumulation CSF in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain

A

Hydrocephalous

42
Q

2 types of Hydrocephalous

A
  1. communicating hydrocephalous :

fluid flows from the ventricular system into the subarachnoid space
In communicating type blockage is in the subarchnoid space by blockage of arachnoid villi themselves

  1. Non communicating :
    Fluid cant pass to the subarachnoid space
    blockage of the aqueduct of sylvius
43
Q

Functions of the CSF

A

Cushion and protect the CNS from trauma
Provides mechanical buoyancy and support for the brain
Serves as reservoir and assists in the regulation of the content of the skull
Nourishes the CNS

44
Q

Composition of CSF

A 
Major ions
Oxygen
 Sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, polyols)
 Lactate
 Proteins (e.g., albumin, globulins)
 Amino acids
 Urea
 Ammonia
 Creatinine
 Lipids
 Hormones (e.g., insulin)
 Histamines
45
Q

CSF glucose concentration is normally

A

60% of the plasma glucose concentration

46
Q

CSF:Serum albumin ratio

A

1:200
ratio implies that the entry rate of protein from the serum to the CSF is approximately 200 times less than its exit rate

47
Q

T or F:

Elevation in lumbar CSF protein is a nonspecific but sensitive indicator of CNS disease

A

TRUE

48
Q

T or F:

The presence of 1000 RBCs in the CSF results in the increase of protein by 1mg/dL

A

The presence of 1000 RBCs in the CSF results in the increase of protein by 1mg/dL

49
Q

A spinal-subarachnoid block result of a spinal cord tumor and can cause very significant elevations in CSF protein (greater than 1000mg/dL)

A

Froin’s syndrome

50
Q

Clear and colorless, because it is more than 99% water

A

CSF

51
Q

Term used for CSF supernatant that is pink, orange or yellow

A

xanthochromic

52
Q

Follows a C-shaped course through all lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Lateral Ventricles

53
Q

Most expanded part of the lateral ventricle

A

Trigone/Atrium

54
Q

Passageway between each lateral ventricle and the 3rd ventricle

A

Foramen of Monro

55
Q

Narrow, slit-like ventricle, occupies midline of the diencephalon

A

Third Ventricle

56
Q

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles, located within the midbrain, narrowest part of the ventricular system

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius

57
Q

Highly convoluted and vascularized material within the ventricles

A

Choroid Plexus

58
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hydrocephalus

A 
o Transillumination
o “Sunset Eyes”
o “Cracked pot” sign
o Gaping Sutures
o Persistent Fontanelles

Neuroscience Module 3 (5 decks)

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